立位摄片时防护屏防护效果研究

发布时间：2018-01-12 21:25

本文关键词：立位摄片时防护屏防护效果研究　出处：《苏州大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目的:研究立位摄片时使用立位防护屏的防护效果比较立位防护屏与X射线铅橡胶性腺防护围裙防护效果的差异研究立位防护屏对摄片工作效率的影响方法:1.体模摄片实验中模拟DR立位摄片时进行防护干预,未使用立位防护屏防护为对照组,使用立位防护屏防护为实验组,在摄片不同条件(90kV、500mA、63ms;86kV、500mA、50ms;78kV、500mA、32ms),通过束光器调整照射野,防护屏距DR平板不同的距离(0m.0.5m.1m)不同条件下曝光时,使用Barracuda剂量检测仪测量体模性腺部受到的X射线剂量值,比较不同防护距离和不同曝光条件下防护干预效果的差异。2.受检者摄片实验中选取立位摄片胸部前后位受检者进行实验,通过使用热释光剂量计分组进行立位防护屏防护与铅橡胶性腺防护围裙(简称铅围裙)防护的X射线剂量检测。选取肋骨检查受检者58人,分为A,B两组,每组29人,A组使用铅围裙进行防护,B组使用立位防护屏紧贴受检者进行防护。使用热释光剂量计分别夹在铅围裙和立位防护屏铅帘的受检者侧性腺部,摄片体位均为胸部前后位,DR摄片条件固定(76kV、500m A、32ms)。同共计曝光58次,检测记录热释光剂量计的剂量数值。3.效率研究中,使用秒表测量立位防护屏防护方式与使用铅帽、铅围裙防护方式工作效率的差异。选取男性受检者40名分成C、D两组,C组使用铅帽、铅围裙。D组使用立位防护屏。女性受检者40名分成E、F两组,E组使用铅帽、铅围裙,F组使用立位防护屏。4.实验统计学处理,体模实验与临床验证数据均采用均数±标准差(x±s)表示,组间分析采用单因素方差分析,设定P0.05为差异有统计学意义,受检者临床验证分析采用两独立样本的均数比较(t检验),所用统计软件均为SPSS 19.0。结果:体模实验组实验中,使用立位防护屏距体模不同距离进行防护干预,认为在立位防护屏距体模距离小于5cm时此防护措施为接触屏蔽,距体模距离大于10cm时,依靠防护屏的投射阴影防护X射线的措施为阴影屏蔽,实验组测得接触屏蔽剂量值在不同条件不同距离条件下均小于阴影屏蔽剂量值。体模对照组实验中,由于对体模不作任何防护,只将DR束光器照射野调整至胸片架面积大小,对照组剂量值随曝光条件的增大而增大。在立位防护屏紧贴体模防护的条件下,与无防护措施的对照组相比,78kV、86kV、90kV三组剂量分别下降100%、99.4%、98.5%,实验组对照组组间方差P0.05。说明在不同曝光参数和防护屏距体模不同距离的条件下,不同组间的防护效果具有显著的差异,接触屏蔽效果大于阴影屏蔽效果。受检者剂量验证结果,使用SPSS19.0进行A、B组t检验结果:P=0.475,P0.05,说明对受检者佩戴铅围裙与使用防护屏对性腺的防护效果相同。通过效率研究实验,使用立位防护屏防护与使用铅帽、铅橡胶性腺防护围裙防护的摄片工作效率相比,男性组摄片工作效率提高35.6%,女性组摄片效率提高32.7%。结论:立位防护屏防护效果有效,在低能X射线条件下,接触屏蔽明显大于阴影屏蔽的防护效果,立位防护屏防护效果优于铅防护围裙,与传统防护方法相比,使用立位防护屏防护的摄片时间可缩短至少30%以上。
[Abstract]:Objective: To study the difference of vertical photo films to use vertical shield protection effect of standing shield and X ray lead rubber apron gonadal protective effect of orthostatic shield effect on radiography work efficiency simulation methods: standing in for photo protective intervention DR 1. phantom radiography experiments. Without the use of vertical shielding for the control group, the use of vertical shielding for the experimental group, in the film in different conditions (90kV, 500mA, 63ms; 86kV, 50ms; 500mA, 78kV, 500mA, 32ms), by adjusting the collimator irradiation distance protective screen DR tablet with distance (0m.0.5m.1m) under different conditions of exposure, X ray dose Barracuda dose measurement phantom by gonadal value, the difference of.2. protective intervention effect comparison of different protection distance and under different exposure conditions of the subjects in the experimental X-ray radiography before and after the selection of legislative subjects into a chest For the experiment, orthostatic shielding and lead rubber apron gonads by using thermoluminescent dosimeters (referred to as packet lead apron) X ray dose detection and protection. Examination subjects chose ribs 58 people, divided into A, B two groups, each group of 29 people, A group used lead apron protection, B group standing subjects close to the protective screen for protection. The use of thermoluminescent dosimeters are respectively clamped in a lead apron and standing shield lead curtain 1691 lateral radiography of postural gonad, chest anteroposterior radiography, DR (76kV, 500m fixed A, 32ms) with the total exposure. 58, the heat release of.3. detection and recording efficiency in numerical dose dosimeter, using a stopwatch measuring orthostatic shielding and the use of lead lead apron protection cap, differences in work efficiency. Select male subjects 40 into C, D two groups, C group use lead cap, lead apron.D group the use of standing shield. Female Of the 40 subjects were divided into E, F two groups, E group use lead cap, lead apron, group F used orthostatic shield.4. test statistics, phantom experiment and clinical data were verified by the mean and standard deviation (x + s) said that the group analysis using single factor analysis of variance. Set P0.05 to the difference was statistically significant, the subjects of clinical validation analysis using two independent sample mean comparison (t test), the statistical software is SPSS 19.0. results: the phantom in the experimental group, the use of vertical shield protection intervention in different distance from the phantom in orthostatic shield from the phantom distance is less than 5cm the protective measures for contact shielding, from the phantom distance is greater than 10cm, depending on the shadow X ray protective screen protective measures for shadow mask, the experimental group measured contact shielding dose value shadow shielding dose was less than in the different conditions and the different distance values under phantom. The control group in the experiment, because no protection of the phantom, only DR collimator irradiation to chest frame size, dose value increases with the increase of exposure conditions of control. In vertical shield tight fitted mode protection conditions, compared with the control group, no protective measures 78kV 86kV 90kV, three doses were decreased by 100%, 99.4%, 98.5%, the experimental group and the control group in the P0.05. variance between different exposure parameters and protective screen distance phantom in different distance conditions, with significant differences between different groups of the protective effect, contact shielding effect is greater than the shadow shielding effect. The dose verification results the use of SPSS19.0, A, B group t test results: P=0.475, P0.05, description of the subjects wearing a lead apron and use of shielding effect on gonad is the same. By studying the experiment efficiency, the use of vertical shielding and the lead lead rubber cap Apron protection gland radiography work efficiency compared to male group radiography work efficiency increased by 35.6%, the female group radiography efficiency 32.7%. conclusion: orthostatic shielding effect, in the low energy X ray shielding conditions, contact is significantly greater than the shadow shield protection effect, vertical shielding effect is superior to the lead apron, compared with the traditional protection methods, the use of vertical shielding film shooting time can be shortened by at least 30%.

【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：R142

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