创建国家卫生县对蚊媒防制的影响研究

发布时间：2018-01-13 14:26

本文关键词：创建国家卫生县对蚊媒防制的影响研究　出处：《中国人民解放军军事医学科学院》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：蚊虫对人类危害极大,不仅吸血骚扰,而且传播多种蚊媒传染病。我国流行的蚊媒疾病有疟疾、流行性乙型脑炎、登革热等,法定传染病中的1/3以上与病媒生物有关。全国爱卫会于1997年开展创建国家卫生镇(县城)活动,地方各级政府积极响应、广大人民群众积极参与。通过创建国家卫生城市(区、镇)活动,城乡环境卫生明显改善,除四害和病媒生物防制效果显著,群众健康水平有所提升。病媒生物防制是爱国卫生工作的重要内容之一。2010年全国爱卫办下发的《国家卫生乡镇(县城)标准》明确提出要通过综合防制,有效控制鼠、蚊、蝇、蟑螂等病媒生物。按照国家规定的标准,蚊、蝇、蟑螂密度至少有一项达到,其他项不超过标准的3倍。2005年我国建立了覆盖19个省43个市的病媒生物监测网络,已形成从监测、预警、防制到管理的完整体系。2006年成立卫生部病媒生物控制标准专业委员会后,全国爱卫办指导标委会出台了44项相关标准。2009年卫生部和全国爱卫办发布《关于印发〈病媒生物预防控制管理规定〉的通知》,这是我国第一部病媒生物防制相关规定,科学规范了病媒生物预防控制管理工作。2015年国务院下发《关于进一步加强新时期爱国卫生工作的意见》中明确指出,要科学预防控制病媒生物,实施以环境治理为主的综合预防控制策略,有针对性地组织开展除“四害”活动。本研究是基于2013年国家卫生和计划生育委员会疾病预防控制局组织开展的全国病媒生物防制基本信息调查,调查涉及全国2334个城市,有效问卷为2290个,其中县城1439个,国家卫生县163个,非国家卫生县1199个,灭蚊达标县403个,灭蚊未达标县652个。调查主要内容包括基本信息、病媒生物防制工作情况和病媒生物防制专业机构情况等。本研究旨在通过德尔菲法筛选出影响灭蚊工作的主要因素,对调查的国家卫生县和非国家卫生县、灭蚊达标县和灭蚊未达标县分别进行对照,对国家卫生县和非国家卫生县的各项影响因素情况进行单因素分析,对灭蚊达标县和灭蚊未达标县的各项影响因素情况进行单因素和多因素综合分析,综合对照分析创建国家卫生县城是否对蚊媒防制工作有显著促进作用。以此为理论基础,提出下一步政策建议,为各地以创建国家卫生县城为抓手,推动蚊媒防制工作科学合理开展提供科学理论依据。本研究主要结果为:创建国家卫生县对于蚊媒防制工作有显著促进作用。灭蚊达标是蚊媒防制工作的最重要效果评价指标,灭蚊达标县和灭蚊未达标县的多因素分析结果显示,是否是国家卫生县与灭蚊达标有明显关联。国家卫生县灭蚊达标比例是非国家卫生县灭蚊达标比例的一倍,国家卫生县在政府重视、政策保障、经费投入、防制机构建设、专业队伍建设、社会化服务机构建设管理、密度监测和抗药性监测工作等情况均优于非卫生县。说明创建国家卫生县对蚊媒防制工作具有显著促进作用。
[Abstract]:Mosquitoes do harm to human beings, not only vampire harassment, and the spread of a variety of mosquito borne infectious disease epidemic in China. Mosquito borne diseases include malaria, Japanese encephalitis, dengue fever and other infectious diseases, more than in the 1/3 and vector. The National Patriotic Health Campaign Committee in 1997 to carry out the creation of national health town (county) activities, the local government actively response, active participation of the masses. Through the creation of national health city (District, town), the urban and rural environmental sanitation improvement, four pests and pest control effect, the health level of people has improved. Vector control is one of the important content of the patriotic health work.2010 national love Wei office issued "the national health standard > township (county) clearly through comprehensive prevention and control, effectively control rats, mosquitoes, flies, cockroaches and other vectors. According to the national standard, mosquitoes, flies, cockroaches density at least A, other items not more than 3 times the standard.2005 in China was established covering 43 cities in 19 provinces of the vector monitoring network, has been formed from monitoring, early warning, prevention and control of.2006 to complete system management was established in the Ministry of health disease vector control standard of the Specialized Committee, the national patriotic sanitation standard guide the introduction of the 44.2009 related standard of Ministry of health and the national sanitation office issued "on the issuance of the" Regulations "to prevent disease vector control notice", which is China's first pest control regulations, scientific and standardized the pests prevention and control management of.2015 issued by the State Council on further. Strengthen the patriotic health work in the new period the opinions clearly pointed out, scientific prevention and control of disease vectors, the implementation of comprehensive prevention in environmental governance based control strategy, organize targeted in the "four pests" this research activities. The disease is the 2013 national health and Family Planning Commission to prevent the vector control basic information investigation bureau to carry out the control based on the survey of 2334 city nationwide, the effective questionnaire was 2290, of which 1439 national health county, county 163, non national health county 1199, 403 County mosquito control standard. The mosquito did not meet the county 652. Investigation content mainly includes basic information, vector control and vector control professional institutions situation. The purpose of this study is to screen out the main factors affecting the mosquito control work by Delphy Fa, the National Health Survey of county and non national health county, county and mosquito mosquito standards did not meet the county conditions are compared, the influence factors on the national health county and non national health county were analyzed by univariate analysis of mosquito and mosquito up county did not meet the various influence factors of county Comprehensive analysis of single factor and multi factor comprehensive comparative analysis, create a national health county whether there is a significant promoting effect on mosquito control work. Based on this theory, put forward policy recommendations for all to create a national health county as the starting point, to promote the prevention and control of mosquitoes carry out scientific and reasonable to provide a theoretical basis for the main results. This study is: to create a national health county has a significant role for mosquito prevention mosquito. The standard is the most important index effect of mosquito prevention, mosquito and mosquito did not meet the standards of county county, the multivariate analysis results show that whether the national health county is obviously associated with the mosquito mosquito standard of national health county standards. The proportion is a non national health standard times County mosquito proportion, the national health county in the attention of the government policy, funding, and institutional construction, the construction of the professional team, The construction and management of social service institutions, density monitoring and resistance monitoring are all better than those of non health counties. This indicates that the establishment of national health county has a significant role in promoting mosquito control.

【学位授予单位】：中国人民解放军军事医学科学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：R184.3

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