陕西省城镇居民食物支出与营养结构的变化分析

发布时间：2018-01-14 03:26

本文关键词：陕西省城镇居民食物支出与营养结构的变化分析　出处：《西北农林科技大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：居民的食品消费和营养状况，不仅同整个国家或地区的经济建设、科学文化进步、资源开发利用等密切相关，而且还是衡量人民生活水平和身体健康素质的重要标志。但是，无论是发达国家还是发展中国家都存在着食品消费的不合理问题，由此导致的营养失衡、产销失衡、资源浪费甚至资源短缺等一系列问题日益突出。自改革开放以来，陕西省居民的生活水平得到了很大的提高，饮食结构也相应发生变化，居民的营养状况变迁正经历从低脂肪、低蛋白、低热量、高碳水化合物向高脂肪、高能量密度、低膳食纤维的方向转变，由此产生一系列与营养相关的非传染性疾病的蔓延。根据经验，居民对于各类食物的消费量会随着收入的增加以及食物价格的变化而调整，因此本文主要从收入和价格的角度来研究居民营养结构变化的特征。本文从陕西省城镇居民食物消费结构与营养水平的变迁入手，运用AIDS模型对陕西省城镇居民食品消费进行了研究，重点分析了不同收入层次居民食物消费的需求收入弹性和需求自价格弹性的变化特征，在此基础上，进一步研究了热量、蛋白质和脂肪这三种营养素的需求弹性特征，从弹性角度分析了收入和价格因素对主要营养素摄入的影响。对居民食物消费与营养水平变迁的分析结果表明：陕西省城镇居民不同收入群体的食物消费结构与营养摄入水平都得到了很大改善，低收入群体的热量摄入持续增加，高收入群体的热量摄入已趋于稳定；低收入居民营养素摄入的植物性食物来源比重过高，总体来说，随着收入的提高和时间的推移，，陕西省居民营养素摄入与供能比逐渐趋于合理，但是与国家的膳食营养目标相比仍有较大差距，且低收入组居民为满足营养的摄入所支付的价格上涨幅度超过其他收入组，为维持生活所遭受的损失更多。对于居民食物消费的AIDS模型估计结果的分析表明：居民对于多数食物的消费缺乏收入弹性，但是禽类、水果和奶类食物的消费受到收入的影响较大；低收入居民粮食消费的收入弹性要大于高收入组，随着时间的推移，收入的影响都会降低；肉类和蔬菜在低收入居民食物消费中的地位越来越重要，受到收入的影响也在增大，而较高收入层次的居民这两类食物的消费对于收入的变化已经不敏感。居民对大多数食物价格的变化反应不敏感，其中只有奶类消费的价格弹性系数绝对值大于1。对居民营养摄入的需求弹性分析结果表明:收入因素会对不同收入层次居民的营养摄入产生具有较大差异的影响，对低收入居民热量的摄入影响较小，但比较稳定，对较高收入群体的热量摄入产生的影响在初期较大，但随着时间的推移，该影响逐渐变小，并小于其对低收入群体热量摄入的影响；收入对蛋白质和脂肪的影响规律基本与此一致。在价格因素当中，粮食、肉类和蔬菜的价格变化对居民该类食物消费产生的影响较大，其中粮食价格会对低收入群体的热量摄入产生较大的负向影响，不同收入组居民脂肪摄入对肉类价格的变化反应敏感程度逐渐降低。针对以上研究结果，本文认为应该采取一定的经济干预措施来改善居民的食物消费与营养水平，通过加强最低生活保障和增加就业的方式提高居民收入水平，发挥收入在改善居民营养过程中的作用；同时应该对物价进行控制，尤其是要稳定食物价格，减少价格波动对居民营养摄入的负向影响；此外还应该着重加强对居民食物营养观念的引导，促使其形成健康合理的饮食习惯，促进居民营养水平的改善。
[Abstract]:Residents' food consumption and nutrition, not only with the national or regional economic construction, scientific and cultural progress, development and utilization of resources are closely related, but also an important symbol to measure the level of people's life and health quality. However, whether it is the unreasonable problem of developed and developing countries are food consumption, nutritional imbalance. The resulting imbalance between production and marketing, a series of problems such as shortage of resources and waste of resources has become increasingly prominent. Since the reform and opening up, Shaanxi province residents living standard has been greatly improved, the diet structure corresponding to changes in the nutritional status of the residents is experiencing changes from low fat, low protein, low calorie, high carbohydrate to fat change, high energy density, low dietary fiber, resulting in a series of nutrition related non communicable diseases spread. According to the experience of residents The consumption of all kinds of food will be adjusted with the increase of income and the change of food price. Therefore, this paper will study the characteristics of the change of residents' nutrition structure from the perspective of income and price.
From the change of food consumption structure of urban residents in Shaanxi province and the nutrition level of the use of AIDS model to study urban residents' food consumption in Shaanxi Province, analyzes the variation characteristics of different income levels of residents' food consumption demand and income elasticity of demand price elasticity, on this basis, further study of the heat, the elasticity of demand the characteristics of protein and fat three nutrients that, from the point of view of the influence of income elasticity and price factors of main nutritional intake.
The analysis results of residents' food consumption and nutrition level changes of urban residents in Shaanxi province showed that the structure of food consumption and nutrition intake of different income groups have been greatly improved, the low income group calorie intake increased continuously, high income groups have stabilized calorie intake; high proportion of plant food sources of low income residents the intake of nutrients in general, with the increase of income and time, the residents of Shaanxi province the intake of nutrients and energy supply ratio tends to be reasonable, but there is still a large gap compared with the dietary nutrition of the target country, and low income group residents to meet the nutritional intake of other income groups rose by more than the price paid. In order to maintain life suffered more losses.
For the analysis of estimation results of AIDS model showed that the residents' food consumption and food consumption for most residents lack of income elasticity, but the poultry, fruit and dairy food consumption by the larger impact of income; the income elasticity of food consumption of low-income residents than the high income group, with the passage of time, the impact of income will be reduced meat and vegetables; in low income residents is becoming more and more important in the food consumption, by the impact of income has also increased, but the higher income levels of residents of these two types of food consumption to income changes is not sensitive. The residents of most of the changes in food price insensitive, the price elasticity coefficient of the milk consumption only the absolute value is greater than 1.
According to demand elasticity analysis results of nutrient intake: residents income factors of residents of different income levels affect nutritional intake with different intake of low income residents, the heat effect is smaller, but more stable, higher income groups calorie intake affects produced early in the larger, but with the passage of time, this effect becomes smaller, and less than its effect on the heat intake of low income groups; influence of income on protein and fat basically agree with this. In food price factors, changes in the price of meat and vegetables, has great influence on the residents of the food consumption, the grain price to low-income groups calorie intake have a greater negative impact, different income groups of dietary fat intake changes on the meat price sensitive degree decreased gradually.
According to the above results, we should take some measures to improve the economic intervention of food consumption and nutrition level of residents, improving the income level of residents by strengthening the minimum living guarantee and increase employment, income play in improving residents' nutrition in the process of the use; at the same time should be to control prices, especially to stabilize food prices reduce the price fluctuation of residents, nutritional intake negative impact; also should focus on the strengthening of the guidance of the concept of food and nutrition of residents, to promote the formation of healthy eating habits, promote nutrition improvement.

【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：R151;F126.1

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