饮用水中亚硝胺类消毒副产物的形成过程及影响因素

发布时间：2018-01-14 08:24

本文关键词：饮用水中亚硝胺类消毒副产物的形成过程及影响因素　出处：《浙江大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：亚硝胺类化合物是一类新型的饮用水消毒副产物,因其强烈的致癌性,近年来已成为饮用水消毒副产物研究中的一大热点。本论文在评述了饮用水中亚硝胺类消毒副产物的浓度水平、分析方法及形成机理的基础上,研究了饮用水中9种亚硝胺类消毒副产物的形成过程及影响因素,试图为进一步控制及消除饮用水中的亚硝胺类消毒副产物,保障人体健康提供一定理论依据。论文取得了一些有价值的研究结果： (1)开发了一种能同时高效富集饮用水中9种亚硝胺类化合物的串联固相萃取新方法,回收率为83.6%-99.8%；同时建立了高灵敏度的LC/MS/MS检测方法,检测限为0.03-2.5 ng/L,有效提高了饮用水中9种亚硝胺类化合物的分析水平。 (2)发现9种二级胺经氯胺化反应均能形成对应的亚硝胺类消毒副产物,转化率为0.18%-2.3%；同时发现初始二苯胺浓度、氯胺浓度、pH等条件对9种亚硝胺类消毒副产物的形成均有一定影响,且对不同化合物的影响不一；pH是影响亚硝胺类消毒副产物形成的关键因素,亚硝基二苯胺的转化率随pH的增大显著增加,由pH5时的0.2%增加至pH9时的73.5%,而亚硝基二甲胺的转化率随pH的增加基本不变,转化率为1.1-2.6%。 (3)探明了新的消毒副产物吩嗪的形成过程、影响因素及其细胞毒性。发现在亚硝基二苯胺的形成过程中会产生另一种新的消毒副产物—吩嗪,其摩尔产率大于亚硝基二苯胺；pH对吩嗪和亚硝基二苯胺形成的影响不同,随着pH的增大,亚硝基二苯胺的摩尔产率逐渐增大,而吩嗪的摩尔产率先增大后减少,pH6时达到最大值；吩嗪对人体膀胱癌细胞T24(IC50为0.50 mmol/L)和人体肝脏癌细胞HepG2(IC50为2.04 mmol/L)均有细胞毒性,略低于亚硝基二苯胺的IC50值(0.16 mmol/L和0.27mmol/L),但由于吩嗪的摩尔产率在一定条件下均高于亚硝基二苯胺,表明饮用水中的吩嗪可能会对人体产生不利影响。
[Abstract]:Nitrosamines are a new type of disinfection by - products of drinking water because of their strong carcinogenicity . In recent years , the formation process and influencing factors of disinfection by - products in drinking water have been reviewed . ( 1 ) A new series solid - phase extraction method is developed which can enrich 9 kinds of nitrosamines in drinking water at the same time , the recovery rate is 83.6 % - 99.8 % , and the LC / MS / MS detection method with high sensitivity is established . The detection limit is 0.03 - 2.5 ng / L , which effectively improves the analytical level of 9 nitrosamines in drinking water . ( 2 ) Nine secondary amines were found to be able to form corresponding disinfection by - products by chloramination , the conversion rate was 0.18 % - 2.3 % , and the effect of initial diphenylamine concentration , chloramine concentration and pH on 9 kinds of nitrosamines was found to be different . The conversion of nitrodiphenylamine increased significantly with the increase of pH . The conversion rate of nitrodiphenylamine increased to 73.5 % at pH 9 from 0.2 % at pH 5 , and the conversion rate was 1.1 - 2.6 % . ( 3 ) The formation process , influencing factors and cytotoxicity of the new disinfection by - products phenazine were explored . It was found that the new disinfection by - product phenazine was produced in the process of formation of dinitrodiphenylamine . The molar yield of phenazine increased gradually with the increase of pH , and the molar yield of phenazine increased gradually . The IC50 value of phenazine was higher than that of nitrite ( 0.16 mmol / L and 0.27 mmol / L ) , but the molar yield of phenazine was higher than that of dinitrodiphenylamine under certain conditions , indicating that phenazine in drinking water could have adverse effect on human body .

【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R123.1

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