未婚人流女性生殖健康知识、态度、行为现状及影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-01-15 04:27

本文关键词：未婚人流女性生殖健康知识、态度、行为现状及影响因素研究　出处：《中南大学》2013年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目的：了解未婚人工流产女性的基本情况,并分析其生殖健康知识、态度和行为现状,探讨未婚人工流产女性生殖健康知识、对“婚前性行为”态度和避孕措施采取频率的影响因素,以采取有效措施提高未婚人工流产女性生殖健康知识水平、自我保护意识和有效避孕技能,从而减少未婚女性人工流产发生率,为我省计划生育和妇幼保健工作的开展提供科学依据。方法：采用分层随机抽样的方法,对2010年11月-2012月6月在长沙市部分一级医院、二级医院和三级医院计划生育门诊确诊妊娠并要求终止妊娠的2650名未婚女性进行面对面匿名访谈调查,将获取的信息通过EpiData录入数据库,对定性和等级指标进行数量化处理和统一编码后用SPSS17.0和MLwiN软件进行统计分析,统计方法包括统计描述、单因素分析(方差分析、χ2检验、非参数检验),多因素分析(聚类分析、两水平方差成分模型、单水平Logistic回归分析、两水平Logistic回归模型)。结果：①未婚人工流产女性的平均年龄为(23.93±2.92)岁,城镇和农村人口之比为2.29：1,51.8%的女性是外来人口,65.2%文化程度在大专及以上,职业以公司职员(39.9%)、公务员(10.8%)和学生(10.1%)为主,月收入1701-2500元者占40.6%,家庭状况较好者占36.3%,首次工作年龄为“18-25岁”的女性占57.5%,64%更换过工作,72.8%的女性首次性交年龄在20-24岁,79.8%的女性发生首次性行为的原因是出于爱情。②未婚人工流产女性生殖健康知识平均得分为(22.26±7.03)分,大部分女性能掌握基本的生殖健康知识,但对排卵期和易孕期的计算、金指标以外的早孕反应、新型避孕方法、软下疳等性传播疾病了解较少,未婚人工流产女性获得生殖健康知识的来源主要是书本、报纸、杂志(80.6%)和广播、电影、电视(59.2%),她们最想了解的生殖健康知识分别是性生理卫生知识(82.9%)、避孕知识(63.1%)和优生优育知识(61.9%)；66.4%的未婚人工流产女性对婚前性行为持支持或无所谓态度,80.3%的女性认为人工流产危害大,主要是影响女性身体健康(98.0%)、心理健康(61.2%)和日常生活(44.5%),86.8%的女性愿意在今后的性生活中采取有效措施防止意外怀孕；93.6%的未婚人工流产女性都采取过避孕措施,但仅有9.2%能坚持避孕,主要避孕措施是避孕套(66.8%)和体外排精(16.0%)；③28.2%的女性做过二次及以上人工流产,对本次人工流产的原因进行调查,42.9%的女性是无计划性生活,24.9%的女性避孕失败,29.4%的女性是接触到有害环境或胚胎发育不良,经Spearman相关分析和非参数检验表明,多次人工流产与生殖健康知识、避孕措施采取频率均存在相关关系(P0.05)；④两水平方差成分模型显示,文化程度、职业、月收入、父母婚姻状况、首次性交年龄、首次性交原因、父母教育、学校社区宣传和男友交流等9个因素对未婚人工流产女性生殖健康知识得分有影(P0.05),单水平Logistic回归分析显示,年龄、户口所在地、籍贯、在本市常住时间、文化程度、职业、月收入、家庭经济状况、兄弟姐妹数、父母婚姻状况、学校社区宣传、男友交流以及生殖健康知识得分等13个因素对未婚人工流产女性“婚前性行为”的态度有影响(α入=0.05,α出=0.10),两水平logistic回归模型显示,年龄、户口所在地、籍贯、在本市(县)常住时间、文化程度、职业、月收入、家庭经济状况、家里兄弟姐妹数、父母婚姻状况、首次工作年龄、更换工作次数、父母教育、学校社区宣传、男友交流、生殖健康知识得分、对婚前性行为态度、采取避孕措施的意愿等18个因素对未婚人工流产女性避孕措施采取频率有影响(P0.05) 结论：①未婚人工流产女性年龄较小,以城镇户口为主,大部分是外来人口,文化程度普遍较高,主要是公司职员和学生,大部分女性更换过工作,首次性交的原因主要是爱情。②大部分未婚人工流产女性对生殖健康知识有一定了解,但了解不深,其获得生殖健康知识的主要来源是书籍和媒体；大部分女性对婚前性行为持支持或无所谓态度,绝大部分女性都愿意在今后的性生活中采取有效措施来防止意外怀孕；多数未婚人工流产女性都采取过避孕措施,但只有小部分能坚持,主要是采用避孕套和体外射精。③大部分女性人工流产的原因是无计划性生活或避孕失败,并且多次人工流产与女性生殖健康知识、避孕措施采取频率均存在相关关系；④文化程度、职业、月收入、父母教育、学校社区宣传、男友同伴交流等多个因素对未婚人工流产女性生殖健康知识、态度、行为有影响,在今后的妇幼保健工作中,要以文化程度较低、月收入较低、工作不稳定的外来务工人员和学生作为重点人群,建立以家庭-学校-社区为一体的“健康教育三角”,采取灵活多样的形式,开展生殖健康知识、态度、行为教育,为未婚女性提供更多、更有效的婚前生殖健康服务。
[Abstract]:Objective: to understand the basic situation of unmarried abortion women, and to analyze the reproductive health knowledge, attitudes and behavior status, explore the unmarried abortion women's reproductive health knowledge, take the factors influence on the frequency of "premarital sexual behavior" attitude and contraceptive measures, to take effective measures to improve the unmarried abortion women's reproductive health knowledge, self protection effective contraception awareness and skills, so as to reduce the incidence of induced abortion among unmarried women, for our province family planning and MCH work to provide a scientific basis for development.
Methods: using stratified random sampling method, for -2012 months in November 2010 June in Changsha city hospitals, two hospitals and three hospitals of family planning clinic diagnosed pregnancy termination of pregnancy and 2650 of unmarried women were investigated face-to-face anonymous interviews, the information obtained by the EpiData database, and the qualitative level indicators the number of processing and unified encoding by SPSS17.0 and MLwiN software for statistical analysis, statistical methods including descriptive statistics, single factor analysis (ANOVA, 2 test, non parametric test), multivariate analysis (cluster analysis, two level variance component model, regression analysis, single level Logistic two level Logistic regression model).
Results: the average age of unmarried abortion women for (23.93 + 2.92) years of age, urban and rural population ratio of 2.29:1,51.8% is 65.2% female migrant population, the degree of culture in college and above, occupation to members of the company (39.9%), civil servants (10.8%) and students (10.1%), the monthly income of 1701-2500 yuan the family is better accounted for 40.6%, accounted for 36.3%, the first working age for "18-25 years old" women accounted for 57.5%, 64% replacement work, 72.8% women in the first sexual intercourse at the age of 20-24, 79.8% of women had the first sexual behavior is out of love. The unmarried abortion women's reproductive health knowledge average score (22.26 + 7.03) points, most women can master the basic knowledge of reproductive health, but the calculation of ovulation and easy pregnancy, early pregnancy reaction outside the gold standard, a new method of contraception, chancroid and other sexually transmitted diseases are poorly understood, unmarried people The sources of reproductive health knowledge for abortion women is mainly books, newspapers and magazines (80.6%) and radio, film, television (59.2%), they most want to know about reproductive health knowledge are the knowledge of sexual physiology (82.9%), (63.1%) contraceptive knowledge and eugenics knowledge (61.9%); 66.4% of unmarried artificial abortion women to premarital sex support or indifferent attitude, 80.3% of the women thought abortion harm, mainly affecting the health of women (98%), mental health (61.2%) and daily life (44.5%), female 86.8% were willing to take effective measures in the future of life to prevent accidental pregnancy; 93.6% unmarried abortion women have taken contraceptive measures, but only 9.2% can insist on contraception, contraceptive measures are mainly condoms (66.8%) and in vitro ejaculation (16%); the 28.2% women had more than two times and artificial abortion, the abortion To investigate the reasons, 42.9% of the women is no plan of life, 24.9% of the female contraceptive failure, 29.4% women are exposed to harmful environment or poor fetal growth, the Spearman correlation analysis and nonparametric test showed that repeated abortion and reproductive health knowledge, contraceptive measures are taken by the frequency correlation (P0.05); the two level variance component model, education level, occupation, monthly income, marital status, age of first sexual intercourse, sexual intercourse for the first time, parental education, community outreach and communication school boyfriend 9 factors on unmarried abortion women reproductive health knowledge score. (P0.05), single level Logistic regression analysis, age, residence, place of origin, in the city resident time, education level, occupation, monthly income, family economic status, number of siblings, parents' marital status, school and community outreach, boyfriend exchanges Effect of reproductive health knowledge score of the 13 factors of unmarried abortion women "premarital sexual behavior" attitude (alpha =0.05, alpha =0.10), two level logistic regression model showed that age, residence, place of origin, in the city (county) resident time, educational level, occupation, monthly income. The economic situation of the family, the number of brothers and sisters at home, parents' marital status, working age for the first time, the number of replacement work, parental education, school community outreach, boyfriend exchanges, reproductive health knowledge, attitude toward premarital sexual behavior, contraception will have 18 factors such as the effect of frequency on unmarried abortion women taking contraceptive measures (P0.05)
Conclusion: the unmarried abortion women younger, with urban hukou, most of the foreign population, higher education level, mainly staff and students, most of the women change their job, the main reason for the first time sexual intercourse is love. Most people unmarried abortion women have a certain understanding of reproductive health knowledge, but do not understand the deep, main sources of reproductive health knowledge were books and media; most of the women on premarital sexual behavior supporting or indifferent attitude, most women are willing to take effective measures in the future of life to prevent unwanted pregnancies; most unmarried abortion women have taken contraceptive measures, but only a small part can insist that is the main reason of the condom and ejaculation. Most women abortion is unplanned sex or contraceptive failure, and recurrent abortion And the female reproductive health knowledge, contraceptive measures are related to the frequency; cultural level, occupation, monthly income, parental education, school community outreach, peer communication attitude boyfriend many factors on unmarried abortion women's reproductive health knowledge, behavior have influence on maternal and child health care work in the future, to the low level of education, monthly income is relatively low, the instability of migrant workers and students as the focus groups, establish the family school community as one of the "health education triangle", adopt flexible and diverse forms, the development of reproductive health knowledge, attitude and behavior education, provide more for unmarried women, more effective premarital reproductive health services.

【学位授予单位】：中南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R169.4

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