我国部分贫困农村儿童营养包食用依从性及影响因素分析

发布时间：2018-01-15 15:15

本文关键词：我国部分贫困农村儿童营养包食用依从性及影响因素分析　出处：《中国疾病预防控制中心》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：研究目的调查我国部分贫困农村儿童营养包的食用依从状况,探讨其影响因素。研究方法采取定量研究与定性研究相结合的方法。在贵州省、山西省和云南省各选取两个县,对随机抽取的334名6～24月龄看护人进行问卷调查,内容包括儿童及看护人的基本情况、儿童喂养情况、营养包的食用情况、科学喂养知识掌握情况。使用绝对数、构成比、率对定量资料进行统计描述;采用X2检验和非条件Logistic回归进行定量资料的影响因素分析。按照信息饱和原则,选择定量研究中营养包食用依从性好的儿童的看护人进行小组访谈;依从性不好的看护人进行个人深入访谈。访谈提纲依据健康信念模式设计,内容包括看护人对营养不良与贫血的易感性及严重性认知、儿童食用营养包的益处及障碍认知、看护人的自我效能及提示因素。研究结果1.营养包食用情况营养包食用依从性好的儿童265名,依从率为79.3%。不同地区、性别与月龄组儿童营养包食用依从率均在69%以上;选择给儿童单独调成糊吃与单独冲喝的看护人分别有50.0%、43.1%,选择加入到食物中和与奶粉一起喝分别占22.2%、20.1%;看护人营养包的知识主要来源于面对面咨询及家长手册,分别占81.4%、71.3%。2.影响营养包食用依从性的因素定量研究的单因素分析结果显示:儿童月龄分组、6月时喂养方式、辅食添加月龄组、看护人是否知道营养包能够预防营养不良、看护人是否观察到儿童食用营养包后有身体的变化及看护人认为儿童是否爱吃与儿童营养包食用依从性相关,并具有统计学意义;多因素分析结果显示,6月时喂养方式为纯母乳喂养、看护人知道营养包能够预防营养不良、认为儿童爱吃营养包、看护人观察到儿童食用营养包后有身体的变化及看护人营养包的知识来源于家长手册是提高儿童营养包食用依从性的因素。定性研究结果显示,看护人知道儿童营养不良与贫血的严重后果、感受到儿童食用营养包后有身体的变化、遇到儿童不爱吃营养包及生病时愿意多次尝试、有信心给儿童食用营养包、村医随访、家庭成员的支持及多种形式的健康教育能够促进儿童营养包食用的依从性。结论1.研究地区儿童营养包食用依从性有待提高,尤其是6～11月龄组的儿童。2.儿童存在母乳喂养及辅食添加不合理的喂养问题,且喂养方式和喂养行为与营养包食用的依从性有关。3.看护人对营养包作用的认识和感知食用营养包后孩子身体的变化、给儿童喂食营养包的自信心、遇到困难时的态度与行为与儿童营养包食用依从性有关。4.村医的定期随访、家庭成员的支持、家长手册和其他健康教育形式对儿童食用营养包的依从性也有一定的影响。
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate the status of nutritional compliance of children in some poor rural areas in China and to explore the influencing factors. Methods quantitative and qualitative studies were adopted in Guizhou province. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 334 randomly selected nurses aged 6 to 24 months in Shanxi Province and two counties in Yunnan Province, including the basic situation of children and caregivers, and the feeding status of children. The consumption of nutrition package, the knowledge of scientific feeding, the use of absolute number, composition ratio, rate of quantitative data were statistically described; The influencing factors of quantitative data were analyzed by X2 test and non-conditional Logistic regression. The principle of information saturation was used. Group interviews were conducted among caregivers of children with good nutritional compliance in the quantitative study. The interview outline was designed according to the model of health belief and included the susceptibility and severity of malnutrition and anemia. The benefit and obstacle cognition of children eating nutrition package, self-efficacy and hint factors of nursing person. Results: 1. 265 children who had good compliance with nutrition package consumption. 2. The compliance rate was 79.3%. In different areas, the rate of children's compliance with nutrition package was above 69% in the sex and month groups. There were 50.0 and 43.1 children who chose to eat and drink separately, and 22.2g / 20.1 were added to the food and drank with milk powder, respectively. The knowledge of nutrition package of caregivers was mainly derived from face-to-face counseling and parents' manual, accounting for 81.4% respectively. The results of univariate analysis showed that children were divided into groups of age, feeding mode on June, and group of supplementary food added months of age. Whether the caregiver knew that nutrition package could prevent malnutrition, whether the caregiver observed the change of body after the children took the nutrition package, and whether the caregiver thought that the children's love of eating was related to the children's compliance with the nutrition package. And has statistical significance; The results of multivariate analysis showed that in June the feeding mode was exclusively breast-feeding. Caregivers knew that nutrition packages could prevent malnutrition and believed that children preferred nutrition packages. The caregivers observed the changes of children's body after eating nutrition package and the knowledge of nutrition package was derived from the parents' manual. The qualitative research results showed that the children's nutrition package compliance was improved. Caregivers know the serious consequences of malnutrition and anemia, feel that children eat nutrition package after the body changes, when children do not like to eat nutrition package and sick willing to try many times. Have confidence to give children food nutrition package, village doctor follow up. The support of family members and various forms of health education can promote the compliance of children with nutrition package. 1. The compliance of children with nutrition package in the study area needs to be improved. 2. Especially in the 6- to 11-month-old group, children had the problem of breast-feeding and supplementary feeding. And feeding manner and feeding behavior are related to the compliance of nutrition package. 3. The caregivers' understanding of the nutrition package and perception of the changes of the child's body after eating the nutrition package, and the self-confidence of feeding the nutrition package to the child. 3. Attitude and behavior of children with difficulties. 4. Regular follow-up of village doctors and support of family members. Parental manuals and other forms of health education also have a certain impact on children's compliance with food and nutrition packages.
【学位授予单位】：中国疾病预防控制中心
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R153.2

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