景洪市登革热媒介伊蚊对常用杀虫剂的抗药性及机制初步研究

发布时间：2018-01-17 16:36

本文关键词：景洪市登革热媒介伊蚊对常用杀虫剂的抗药性及机制初步研究　出处：《中国疾病预防控制中心》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：云南省西双版纳傣族自治州景洪市位于我国最南端的中缅边境,有埃及伊蚊和白纹伊蚊分布。近年来,由于境外病例输入压力增加和当地媒介伊蚊大量孳生,景洪市已成为我国登革热疫情最为严重的地区之一。2013年,景洪市首次发生大规模本地登革热疫情,导致1269例病例发生;2015年再次暴发,报告病例1054例。在登革热疫情防控中,大量使用拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂进行超低容量喷雾(ULV)和滞留喷洒来迅速杀灭成蚊,但效果不理想。为指导当地合理有效地使用杀虫剂控制媒介伊蚊,在2015年疫情期间,采集了该地区埃及伊蚊和白纹伊蚊,了解当地媒介伊蚊的分布特征及孳生特点;通过生物学测定的方法全面了解其对几种常用拟除虫菊酯类、有机磷类和氨基甲酸酯类及生物理念杀虫剂的抗药性,并在酶学和分子生物学水平探索其主要抗性机制,为当地登革热疫情防控提供依据。现将结果总结如下:1.埃及伊蚊是景洪市城区的优势伊蚊种,是近年来景洪市登革热疫情的重要传播媒介,主要孳生于住户室内外的花瓶、水桶、水缸、泡菜坛、轮胎、饮水机水槽及其他闲置积水容器;白纹伊蚊数量相对较少,多在城市周边地区孳生;2.景洪市登革热媒介伊蚊对拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂产生了高度抗性,但对有机磷类和氨基甲酸酷类杀虫剂及生物理念杀虫剂相对敏感或抗性水平低。对所测拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂,白纹伊蚊和埃及伊蚊幼虫的抗性水平分别为参考品系的41.6-1559.7倍和12.2-865.5倍,成蚊的抗性水平为参考品系的5.0-45.2倍和36.4-336.0倍;对所测有机磷、氨基甲酸酯类及生物理念杀虫剂,景洪市白纹伊蚊和埃及伊蚊幼虫的抗性水平分别为参考品系的0.8～20.4和0.5～5.3倍,成蚊在诊断剂量下的死亡率分别在(84.44～97.96)%和(51.85～100.00)%之间。3.酶活性测定结果显示,景洪市埃及伊蚊幼虫和成蚊的MFO和GST酶活性均显著提高,幼虫这两种酶活性分别参考品系的89.57和2.56倍,成蚊分别为1.12和1.70倍;景洪市白纹伊蚊幼虫GST酶活性升高,为参考品系的1.34倍,而成虫的MFO酶活力升高,为参考品系的12.11倍。增效醚(PBO)与溴氰菊酯复配对景洪市埃及伊蚊成蚊和幼虫的增效作用不明显,但对白纹伊蚊成蚊和幼虫的增效作用明显,且随着PBO剂量的增加,增效作用也增强,提示细胞色素P450s与景洪市白纹伊蚊对拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂的抗性形成有关。4.击倒抗性基因检测发现,景洪市埃及伊蚊种群电压门控钠离子通道(VGSC)存在V1016G及F1534C两种突变类型,等位基因频率分别为100%和30.4%;白纹伊蚊种群存在I1532T和F1534S/L突变,等位基因频率分别为23.2%和29.6%。景洪市登革热媒介埃及伊蚊和白纹伊蚊种群已对拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂产生了严重的抗性,不同作用机制的杀虫剂应与拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂轮替使用以改善蚊虫控制效果并延缓抗性发展,延长杀虫剂使用寿命。杀虫剂代谢酶活性增高引起的代谢抗性和杀虫剂靶标VGSC突变引起的击倒抗性是当地登革热媒介伊蚊拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂抗性产生的主要原因,相关代谢酶活性和击倒抗性基因频率的定期监测对当地登革热媒介伊蚊的综合防制及抗性治理意义重大。
[Abstract]:Yunnan Province, Jinghong City, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture is located in China's southernmost border, with Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus distribution. In recent years, due to breeding overseas and local media input cases increased pressure of Aedes large, Jinghong has become China's most severe dengue epidemic area of.2013, Jinghong City, the local large-scale dengue fever epidemic occurred for the first time, resulting in 1269 cases; again in 2015 the outbreak, 1054 cases were reported. The dengue fever epidemic prevention and control, extensive use of pyrethroid insecticides for ultra low volume spraying (ULV) and residual spraying to quickly kill adult mosquitoes, but the effect is not ideal. In order to guide local rational and effective use of insecticides to control the vector, in 2015 were collected in the area during the epidemic, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, understand the distribution characteristics and breeding characteristics of the local mosquito; through biology A method for the determination of a comprehensive understanding of the several commonly used pyrethroid, resistance to organophosphate and carbamate pesticides and biological concepts, and explore the main resistant mechanism in Enzymology and molecular biology level, provide the basis for the local epidemic prevention and control of dengue fever. The results are summarized as follows: 1. is the dominant species of Aedes aegypti in Jinghong City, is an important media in recent years the dengue epidemic in Jinghong, the main breeding in indoor outside of the vase, bucket, water tank, pickled cabbage altar, tires, water tank and other idle water container; the number of Aedes albopictus is relatively small, in the city of Jinghong City in surrounding areas; 2. dengue vector had high resistance to pyrethroid insecticides, but for organophosphate and carbamate insecticides and biological pesticides cool idea relatively sensitive or resistant to the low level. Pyrethroid insecticides, the resistance level of Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti larvae were reference strains of 41.6-1559.7 times and 12.2-865.5 times, a resistance level of mosquitoes as the reference strains of 5.0-45.2 times and 36.4-336.0 times; the organophosphorus, carbamate pesticides and physical concepts, the resistance level of Jinghong City Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti larvae were reference strains of 0.8 ~ 20.4 and 0.5 ~ 5.3 times of adult mosquitoes in the diagnosis of dose mortality in (84.44 ~ 97.96)% (51.85 ~ 100)% between.3. enzyme activity determination showed that the Jinghong city of Aedes aegypti larvae and MFO the activity of GST was significantly improved, the larvae of two kinds of enzyme activity were reference strains of 89.57 and 2.56 times of adult mosquitoes were 1.12 and 1.70 times; increased GST activity in Aedes mosquito larvae in Jinghong City, 1.34 times as the reference strains, and MFO enzyme activity of adult L High, 12.11 times as the reference strains. Piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and deltamethrin compound in Jinghong, Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and larvae into effect is not obvious, but the Aedes albopictus mosquito larvae and a synergistic effect is obvious, and with the increase of PBO dose, synergistic effect was also enhanced, suggesting that cytochrome P450s and Jinghong city of Aedes albopictus in resistance to pyrethroid insecticides is related to the formation of.4. knockdown resistance gene detected in Jinghong populations of Aedes aegypti voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) V1016G and F1534C two mutation types, allele frequencies are 100% and 30.4%; Aedes albopictus in the presence of I1532T and F1534S/L mutation and the allele frequencies were 23.2% and 29.6%. in Jinghong city of dengue vector Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus population has produced serious resistance to pyrethroid insecticides, pesticides and different mechanisms Pyrethroid insecticides use rotation to improve mosquito control effect and delaying the development of resistance, prolong the service life of pesticides. Metabolic enzyme activity caused by increased metabolism of insecticide resistance and insecticide targets caused by VGSC mutation is local dengue vector Aedes knockdown resistance in addition to the main causes of insect to pyrethroid resistance, metabolic enzyme activity and frequency. The resistance gene and resistance to regular monitoring of comprehensive prevention and control of dengue vector Aedes local governance is significant.

【学位授予单位】：中国疾病预防控制中心
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R512.8;R184.3

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