6～18岁儿童青少年膳食结构及脂肪酸构成对血脂水平的影响

发布时间：2018-01-18 06:36

  本文关键词：6～18岁儿童青少年膳食结构及脂肪酸构成对血脂水平的影响　出处：《宁夏医科大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 膳食结构 脂肪酸 血脂 营养护理 儿童青少年

【摘要】：目的调查分析6～18岁儿童青少年膳食摄入状况，探讨膳食脂肪、脂肪酸构成（饱和脂肪酸:单不饱和脂肪酸:多不饱和脂肪酸，SFA:MUFA:PUFA，S:M:P）与血脂的关系。为早期预防和控制心血管疾病，正确认识膳食脂肪的营养价值，合理调整膳食结构以及营养护理指导提供理论依据。 方法采用多阶段随机抽样方法，抽取宁夏6～18岁儿童青少年作为调查对象，采用自制问卷进行一般情况的调查，用食物频率问卷调查法结合称重法及24小时膳食回忆法进行膳食摄入状况的调查，并计算营养素摄入量、供能比及SFA:MUFA:PUFA以及n-6PUFA:n-3PUFA；评价研究对象的营养素摄入状况；并检测空腹血清TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C的水平。 结果1.本次共调查6～18岁儿童青少年560人，最终接受调查且各项资料记录完整者554人，其中青铜峡市共调查289人，海原县共调查265人；汉族288例，回族265例，蒙族1例；男288例，女266例；平均年龄12.63±3.72(岁)。 2.研究对象膳食能量及各种营养素的平均摄入量为：能量1576.81±301.43(kcal/d)，碳水化合物219.40±43.59(g/d)，蛋白质55.63±14.02(g/d)，脂肪56.09±12.09(g/d)，胆固醇98.26±44.58(mg/d)，膳食纤维13.98±3.17(g/d)。膳食脂肪酸构成比SFA:MUFA: PUFA约为1:1.2:1.4，n-6PUFA与n-3PUFA供能比约为1.8:1。 3.研究对象TG1.07±0.49(mmol/L)，TC3.38±0.70(mmol/L)，HDL-C1.31±0.36(mmol/L)，LDL-C2.04±1.15(mmol/L)。共检出血脂异常210例，检出率为37.91%，其中汉族血脂异常检出率为33.33%，回族血脂异常检出率为43.01%。 4.膳食总能量与HDL-C和LDL-C呈负相关(P＜0.05)，碳水化合物供能比与HDL-C和LDL-C呈正相关(P＜0.05)，蛋白质摄入量及供能比与HDL-C和LDL-C呈负相关(P＜0.05)，脂肪摄入量与TC、HDL-C和LDL-C呈负相关(P＜0.05)，脂肪供能比与TC、和LDL-C呈负相关(P＜0.05)，胆固醇摄入量与HDL-C呈负相关(P＜0.01)，膳食总脂肪酸摄入量与TC、HDL-C和LDL-C呈负相关(P＜0.01)，SFA摄入量与TC呈正相关(P＜0.05)，与HDL-C呈负相关(P＜0.01)，SFA供能比与TC、LDL-C呈正相关(P＜0.01)，与HDL-C呈负相关(P＜0.01)，MUFA摄入量与TC和LDL-C呈负相关(P＜0.05)，PUFA摄入量及供能比与HDL-C和LDL-C呈负相关(P＜0.05)，n-6PUFA摄入量及n-6PUFA供能比与HDL-C和LDL-C呈负相关(P＜0.01)，n-3PUFA摄入量与TC和LDL-C呈负相关(P＜0.05)，n-3PUFA供能比与HDL-C呈正相关(P＜0.05)，n-6PUFA/n-3PUFA与HDL-C和LDL-C呈负相关(P＜0.01)。 5.摄入的SFA产能占总能量的百分比为4.87%时，升高HDL-C的作用具有显著性(P＜0.001)，SFA产能占总能量的百分比为6.27%时，升高TC和LDL-C的作用具有显著性(P＜0.001)；摄入的MUFA产能占总能量的百分比处于11.17%左右时，降低TG，升高HDL-C的作用具有显著性(P＜0.001)；摄入的PUFA产能占总能量的百分比为9.27%时，降低TG(P＜0.05)，升高HDL-C的作用具有显著性(P＜0.001)，PUFA产能占总能量的百分比为12.36%时，降低TC(P＜0.05)和LDL-C(P＜0.001)的作用具有显著性。 6.当脂肪供能比为20％～30％时，三种脂肪酸供能比SFA:MUFA:PUFA为1:1.4:1.7时，调查对象血清TG处于最低水平(P＜0.001)，同时HDL-C处于最高水平(P＜0.001)；当脂肪供能比为30％～45％时，三种脂肪酸供能比SFA:MUFA:PUFA为1:0.8:1.2时，调查对象血清TC和LDL-C处于最低水平(P＜0.001)。n-6PUFA与n-3PUFA供能比的比值为2.47:1时，调查对象血清LDL-C处于最低水平(P＜0.001)。n-6PUFA: n-3PUFA的比值为1.67:1，调查对象血清HDL-C处于最高水平(P＜0.001)，血清TG处于最低水平(P＜0.05)。 结论1.与中国居民膳食营养素推荐摄入量相比，本研究6～18岁儿童青少年膳食总能量、蛋白质摄入量、碳水化合物供能比偏低，膳食脂肪供能比偏高。 2.与中国居民膳食脂肪适宜摄入量相比，本研究6～18岁儿童青少年MUFA和PUFA摄入量较多，SFA摄入量相对较少，其中n-6PUFA与n-3PUFA供能比n-6/n-3PUFA比值偏低。 3.当脂肪供能比为20％～30％时，适当增加MUFA与n-3PUFA的摄入，，更有利于维持研究对象较低的血脂水平。
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate and analyze the 6 ~ 18 year old children and adolescents dietary intake of dietary fat, fatty acids (saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, SFA:MUFA:PUFA, S:M:P) and the relationship of blood lipid. For the prevention and control of cardiovascular diseases, the correct understanding of the nutritional value of dietary fat, theory on the basis of reasonable adjustment of diet structure and nutritional nursing instruction.
Methods by multi-stage random sampling method, extraction of Ningxia 6 ~ 18 years old children and adolescents as the research object, using the questionnaire of general situation, combined with the weighing method and 24 hour dietary recall method to investigate the status of dietary intake by food frequency questionnaire, and calculate the nutrient intake, energy supply and the ratio of SFA:MUFA:PUFA and n-6PUFA:n-3PUFA; the evaluation study of nutritional status; and the fasting serum TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C.
The results of this survey were 1. 6 ~ 18 years old children and adolescents in 560, and the final survey records in 554 people, including 289 people were investigated in Qingtongxia City, Haiyuan County, a total of 265 people were investigated; 288 cases of Han, Hui and Mongolian in 265 cases, 1 cases; 288 cases were male, 266 were female; average age 12.63 + 3.72 (years old).
The average intake of 2. of dietary energy and nutrients for energy: 1576.81 + 301.43 (kcal/d), carbohydrate (g/d) 219.40 + 43.59, 55.63 + 14.02 (g/d) protein, fat 56.09 + 12.09 (g/d), cholesterol (mg/d) 98.26 + 44.58, 13.98 + 3.17 dietary fiber (g/d) diet. The fatty acid composition of SFA:MUFA: PUFA is about 1:1.2:1.4, n-6PUFA and n-3PUFA than for approximately 1.8:1.
3. the subjects were TG1.07 + 0.49 (mmol/L), TC3.38 + 0.70 (mmol/L), HDL-C1.31 + 0.36 (mmol/L), LDL-C2.04 + 1.15 (mmol/L). 210 cases of dyslipidemia were detected. The detection rate was 37.91%. The prevalence rate of dyslipidemia in Han nationality was 33.33%, and the detection rate of Hui dyslipidemia was 43.01%..
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