汽车驾驶员腰部振动响应特性分析

发布时间：2018-01-19 06:07

本文关键词： 腰痛病近红外光谱法肌氧饱和度肌肉疲劳汽车振动　出处：《山东大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：汽车己成为人们现在生活中必不可少的交通工具,但长期驾驶汽车会使驾驶员因振动环境和特定工作体位产生职业性腰痛病,并且随着我国汽车保有量的不断增长,后腰背出现疾病问题的驾驶员数量近年来有一个显著增长。有文献研究表明,驾驶员腰痛的发生与特定工作环境所产生的振动有关；同时也有文献指出不合理的生物力作用在腰椎上以及腰部肌肉的过度疲劳是腰痛发病的高危因数。因此研究振动对驾驶员腰部肌肉疲劳以及腰部受力产生的影响具有重要意义。通过分析找出振动频率与驾驶员腰部受力及腰部肌肉疲劳之间的联系,有助于增进振动环境对腰椎组织的影响和作用原理的认识,从而便于寻找获得驾驶员职业性腰痛疾病的治疗方法和预防措施；并可为相关人机产品的设计开发提供有利参考；同时也可为汽车舒适性设计提供理论依据。论文内容主要包括以下几个方面： 1)介绍了肌肉组织中血氧参数含义,并对用其来评价局部肌肉疲劳的可行性进行了分析,同时阐述了用近红外光谱法检测人体肌氧原理。 2)使用近红外组织血氧参数无损检测仪(TSAH-100型)检测驾驶员在1、3、4.5、6Hz频率振动下腰部肌氧参数,分析其振动响应特性,以确定肌氧与振动频率之间的关系,从而确定振动对驾驶员腰部肌肉疲劳影响。通过数据分析发现,1Hz频率振动下能够缓解驾驶员腰部肌肉疲劳,而在余下的频率振动环境中会加剧驾驶员腰部肌肉疲劳,其中4.5Hz时最甚,6Hz时其次,3Hz时次之。 3)通过振动实验确定1、3、4.5、6Hz频率振动下人体腰部振动加速度,从而推算出由振动附加在腰部的作用力。将振动频率、腰部受力和肌氧变化联系起来,分析其内在关联,发现在不同振动频率下附加到腰部的振动力不同,作用在腰部肌肉上产生不同的生理效果,导致各自的肌氧饱和度变化。 4)从振动、坐姿等方面分析了驾驶员腰痛产生的原因,最后根据坐姿下,振动对驾驶员腰部肌氧及受力影响分析结果,从设计者和驾驶员自身两方面给出了防护驾驶员腰痛的一些合理方案。
[Abstract]:Automobile has become an indispensable vehicle in people's life now, but long-term driving car will make the driver suffer from occupational low back pain due to vibration environment and specific position. And with the continuous increase of vehicle ownership in China, the number of drivers with the problem of back and back disease has increased significantly in recent years. The occurrence of the driver's low back pain is related to the vibration produced by the specific working environment. At the same time, some literatures have pointed out that the excessive fatigue of the lumbar vertebrae and the lumbar muscles is the high risk factor for the occurrence of low back pain. Therefore, the effect of vibration on the fatigue of the driver's waist muscle and the force on the waist is studied. Through the analysis to find out the relationship between vibration frequency and driver's waist force and waist muscle fatigue. It is helpful to improve the understanding of the effect of vibration environment on the lumbar vertebrae tissue and the principle of action, so as to find the treatment and preventive measures to obtain the driver's occupational low back pain disease. It can provide beneficial reference for the design and development of related man-machine products. At the same time, it can also provide the theoretical basis for automobile comfort design. The main contents of this paper include the following aspects: 1) the meaning of blood oxygen parameter in muscle tissue is introduced, and the feasibility of using it to evaluate local muscle fatigue is analyzed. At the same time, the principle of detecting human muscle muscle oxygen by near infrared spectroscopy is expounded. 2) using the Near-infrared tissue oxygen parameter nondestructive detector (TSAH-100) to detect the waist muscle oxygen parameters of the driver under the frequency vibration of 34.5Hz, and to analyze the vibration response characteristics of the driver. In order to determine the relationship between muscle oxygen and vibration frequency, and determine the impact of vibration on the driver's waist muscle fatigue. Through the data analysis, it is found that the driver's waist muscle fatigue can be alleviated under the vibration of 1 Hz frequency. But in the remaining frequency vibration environment, the fatigue of the driver's waist muscle will be aggravated, especially at 4.5 Hz and then at 6 Hz and then at 3 Hz. 3) the vibration acceleration of the human waist is determined by vibration experiment. The vibration frequency is calculated by the force attached to the waist by vibration. The relationship between waist force and muscle oxygen changes is analyzed. It is found that the vibration force attached to the waist is different under different vibration frequency, which has different physiological effects on the waist muscles. Results in the changes of muscle oxygen saturation. 4) the causes of low back pain are analyzed from the aspects of vibration and sitting posture. Finally, according to the effect of vibration on the muscle oxygen and force in the driver's waist under sitting position. Some reasonable measures to prevent low back pain of driver are given from two aspects: designer and driver themselves.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R131;U471.3

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