汽车制造业焊接作业劳动者职业卫生相关权利保护研究

发布时间：2018-01-19 21:36

本文关键词： 焊接作业劳动者职业卫生权利保护　出处：《吉林大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：【目的】近年来中国经济稳步增长，在国有企业以及民营企业繁荣发展的同时，大批外资企业也进驻了中国市场，随之而来的则是各个企业的生产工厂。由于行业的特殊性以及生产工艺、生产流程的不同，部分行业在生产时会对劳动者的身体健康产生影响甚至危害，其中较为严重的危害则是作业过程中所产生的职业病危害。中国是受职业病危害较为严重的国家之一，，虽然有相关法律法规对职业病防治做出规定，但在政府监管、企业自律以及劳动者自身维权等方面仍存在一些问题，函待解决。汽车制造业作为吉林省支柱产业已形成规模化的产业链，并带动其他相应行业蓬勃发展，其在省内的重要性不言而喻。本文旨在对长春市汽车制造业焊接作业所产生的职业病危害进行调查，掌握政府对职业病监管情况、汽车制造企业对于《中华人民共和国职业病防治法》以及相关法律法规执行情况、企业在职业病防治以及保护劳动者身体健康情况、劳动者受职业病危害情况以及其知情权、职业健康权、损害赔偿权、拒绝危险作业权等权利保护情况。并根据调查结果做相应分析，最终找出保护劳动者职业卫生安全的有效途径。【方法】本研究采用了文献分析法、访谈法、案例分析法以及问卷调查法。采用随机抽样以及整群抽样的方法，选取长春市3个行政区汽车制造企业中焊接作业劳动者进行问卷调查。数据录入后，采用Spss13.0进行统计分析，同时对调查对象、职业病监管部门以及职业病防治部门的相关专家进行访谈，并对相应职业病危害案例以及文献进行认真分析。【结果】经调查和访谈得到结果如下：知情权方面，由于从事汽车焊接作业的劳动者学历较低者所占比例较大且对职业病了解情况明显低于学历较高者，其进入企业时年龄小、知识面窄等原因导致对职业病相关知识了解较少且企业宣传情况也较差。职业安全卫生权方面，企业为劳动者提供防护器具情况有待提高且组织劳动者定期进行职业健康体检情况较差。由于企业性质的不同，私有企业明显差于国有企业以及合资企业。损害赔偿权方面，由于劳动者对我国职业病防治法以及相关法律知晓率低且处于弱势地位，不懂得运用法律主张自己的合法权益，导致劳动者行使损害赔偿权的情况较少。拒绝危险作业权方面，我国《职业病防治法》明确规定，当企业没有履行告知等义务时，劳动者有权拒绝作业且企业作为义务人应无条件接受。但实际情况中劳动者作为个体受企到业制约，绝大多数人选择放弃行使拒绝危险作业的权利。【结论】通过分析可以看出，在劳动者知情权保护方面情况整体较好，多数企业能在劳动者上岗前告知其作业过程中可能产生的职业病危害因素，但在劳动者岗中的职业健康培训工作有待加强，部分企业从未组织培训工作。由于电焊工尘肺发病期长且电焊作业劳动者流动性较大，行业整体职业病发病情况较少，所以在劳动者损害赔偿权方面整体情况较好。但在劳动者职业安全卫生权以及损害赔偿权方面应得到进一步保护。
[Abstract]:In recent years , China ' s economy has steadily increased , while a large number of foreign - funded enterprises have been in the Chinese market while the state - owned enterprises and private enterprises have been booming . As a pillar industry in Jilin Province , the automobile manufacturing industry has formed a large - scale industrial chain , and it drives other industries to flourish . The article aims at investigating the occupational hazards caused by the welding operation of Changchun Automobile Manufacturing Industry . The article aims at protecting workers ' health conditions , protecting workers ' occupational diseases and protecting workers ' health , workers ' right to compensation for damages , refusal of the right to dangerous operation and so on . According to the results of the investigation , the effective ways to protect the occupational health and safety of workers are finally found . The methods of literature analysis , interview , case analysis and questionnaire were used in this study . Using random sampling and cluster sampling method , the author selected welding workers in 3 districts of Changchun to carry out questionnaire survey . After data entry , Spss13.0 was used for statistical analysis , and the investigation object , occupational disease supervision department and relevant experts of occupational disease prevention and control department were interviewed , and the case of occupational disease hazard and literature were analyzed carefully . The result of investigation and interview is as follows : In the aspect of right to know , because of the lower educational background of workers engaged in automobile welding operation , and the knowledge of occupational diseases is obviously lower than those of those with higher education background , in the aspect of occupational safety and health , the workers have the right to refuse the operation and the enterprises should accept them unconditionally because of their low knowledge of occupational diseases . Conclusion Through the analysis , it can be seen that in the protection of workers ' right to know the right to know , most enterprises can inform the workers about the occupational disease risk factors which may arise during their operation . However , the occupational health and training work in the workers is still to be strengthened . Some enterprises have never organized training . Because of the long duration of the electric welder ' s dust and the large fluidity of the workers in the electric welding operation , the overall situation of the occupational diseases in the industry is better . However , further protection should be made in the right to occupational safety and health of the workers and the right to damages .

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：R135

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