企业职业卫生综合风险管理评估体系的研究与应用

发布时间：2018-01-22 04:42

本文关键词： 职业卫生风险评估体系职业卫生管理质量定量评估　出处：《天津工业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着我国工业化的快速发展,职业病问题越来越受到人们的关注和重视,预防、降低和消除职业危害,保护劳动者健康及其相关权益已纳入法制化管理轨道,也已成为衡量各级政府工作成效的重点指标之一。目前,风险评估的研究工作在我国职业卫生领域正处于起步阶段,各种评估方法层出不穷,但在我国现行的法规、标准中,仍缺乏一套简单易行的定量评估方法或评估体系。因此,探索一种定量的,科学、客观、可操作性强的职业卫生综合管理评估体系,不仅对企业职业危害辨识、预防、控制和消除具有重要意义,也能够提高监管部门的工作效率。本次研究工作利用美国EPA吸入风险评估模型以及新加坡化学毒物职业暴露半定量风险评估模型,定量描述企业职业病危害化学因素对作业人员产生的急、慢性影响和致癌、非致癌作用,同时定量评估在长时间、低浓度作用条件下,化学物质对人体的影响;利用风险评估指数法在充分考虑作业时间、人员暴露频率、个人防护等级和职业病危害因素健康等级的同时评估企业存在的物理因素和粉尘等对作业人员的影响;利用职业卫生管理评估模型定量计算企业在制度建立以及日常管理方面的水平,利用风险最大原则,综合评定出企业的职业卫生综合风险管理水平。选取两家天津市企业的职业卫生管理状况为此次研究案例,对两家企业的职业危害因素、职业卫生管理质量进行检测、现场调查,并计算两家企业的综合风险管理水平。结果发现:企业1职业病危害因素风险等级为中等风险,职业卫生管理评估计算结果为0.63,企业职业卫生综合管理水平结果判定为及格(C),应对该企业进行强化监督,监督和监测频率为2次/年;企业2职业危害因素风险等级为中等风险,职业卫生管理评估计算结果为0.72,企业职业卫生综合管理水平判定为一般(B),可对该企业进行常规监督,监督和监测频率为1次/年。上述两家企业在职业卫生检测过程中,部分点位检出浓度低于检出限,未出现严重超标的点位,但在职业健康管理方面,企业需重点加强企业制度建设、强化对员工个体防护以及健康体检等工作。该评估体系不仅充分考虑到职业病危害评价现场中存在的固有危险因素,而且考虑到了企业日常的职业卫生管理工作在职业病发生过程中的抵消作用。能够为评估企业目前职业卫生管理质量、提高安全生产监督管理部门的监督效率和管理水平提供科学的研究方法与研究体系。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of industrialization in China, occupational diseases have been paid more and more attention to. Prevention, reduction and elimination of occupational hazards, protection of workers' health and their related rights and interests have been brought into the legal management orbit. At present, the research of risk assessment is in the initial stage in the field of occupational health in China, and a variety of evaluation methods emerge in endlessly. However, there is still a lack of a simple quantitative evaluation method or evaluation system in the current laws and standards of our country. Therefore, to explore a quantitative, scientific and objective. The comprehensive management and evaluation system of occupational health with strong operability is of great significance not only for the identification, prevention, control and elimination of occupational hazards in enterprises. This study uses the EPA inhalation risk assessment model in the United States and the semi-quantitative risk assessment model for occupational exposure to chemical poisons in Singapore. Quantitative description of occupational hazard chemical factors on the operators of the acute, chronic and carcinogenic, non-carcinogenic effects, and quantitative evaluation of the long-term, low-concentration of chemical substances on the human body; The risk assessment index method is used to fully consider the work time and staff exposure frequency. At the same time, the impact of physical factors, dust and other factors on the workers was evaluated. The evaluation model of occupational health management is used to calculate quantitatively the level of institution establishment and daily management, and the principle of maximum risk is used. Comprehensive evaluation of the occupational health comprehensive risk management level of enterprises. Two enterprises in Tianjin occupational health management status as the case study, to the two enterprises occupational hazards. The quality of occupational health management was tested, field investigation was conducted, and the comprehensive risk management level of the two enterprises was calculated. The results showed that the risk grade of occupational disease hazard factor in enterprise 1 was medium risk. The result of occupational health management evaluation was 0.63, and the result of comprehensive management of occupational health in the enterprise was judged to be qualified. The supervision should be strengthened and the frequency of supervision and monitoring should be 2 times a year. The risk grade of occupational hazard factor of enterprise 2 is medium risk, the result of occupational health management evaluation is 0.72, and the comprehensive management level of enterprise occupational health can be judged as general, which can carry on routine supervision to the enterprise. The frequency of supervision and monitoring is one time per year. In the process of occupational health inspection, the detection concentration of some sites is below the detection limit, and there is no serious point exceeding the standard, but in occupational health management. The evaluation system not only takes into account the inherent risk factors in occupational hazard assessment site, but also strengthens the individual protection and health examination of employees. Considering the offsetting effect of daily occupational health management in the process of occupational disease occurrence, it can be used to evaluate the quality of occupational health management. To improve the supervision efficiency and management level of production safety supervision and management department to provide scientific research methods and research system.
【学位授予单位】：天津工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R132

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