云南省某县不同农业生产模式对农药使用行为的影响

发布时间：2018-01-26 14:19

本文关键词： 种植基地农业工人农药使用农户行为　出处：《环境与职业医学》2015年08期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：[目的]了解种植基地生产模式下的农业工人和单家独户生产模式下的农户使用农药时采取自我防护措施的情况、农药废弃包装的处理等行为,为制定农业生产安全政策和措施提供科学依据。[方法]2014年1月在云南省元谋县,选取15个大型农业种植基地以及6个自然村。采用简单随机抽样的方法,抽取有农药使用行为的298位农业工人和424位农户作为调查对象,进行面对面询问式问卷调查。[结果]83.45%的农户在农药使用前混配农药由本人或其家庭成员完成;在种植基地中主要由农业技术员(48.81%)、基地老板(22.71%)负责混配农药。农药包装和废弃物处理方面,45.32%的农户主要为随手丢弃到农田或河流;种植基地101位接受调查的农业工人报告农药包装和废弃物由专人负责收集和处置。关于使用农药时进行自我防护的措施,种植基地25.25%的农业工人报告从不佩戴口罩,而52.76%的农户报告自己从不佩戴口罩,两组佩戴频率差异具有统计学意义(Z=-7.965,P0.001)。使用农药时佩戴橡胶手套的频率,35.35%的农业工人报告从不佩戴,而87.77%的农户报告自己从不佩戴,两组佩戴频率差异具有统计学意义(Z=-14.016,P0.001)。[结论]种植基地在农药的混配、农药废弃包装物的处理方面更倾向于由受过专业教育或培训的人员操作,农业工人也比农户更多地采取防护措施,提示种植基地的生产模式有利于农药的安全、合理使用。
[Abstract]:[Objective] to understand the situation of self-protective measures taken by agricultural workers in the production mode of planting base and farmers in single-family production mode and the disposal of pesticide waste packaging and so on. To provide scientific basis for formulating agricultural production safety policies and measures. [Methods in January 2014, 15 large agricultural planting bases and 6 natural villages were selected in Yuanmou County, Yunnan Province. A simple random sampling method was used. 298 agricultural workers and 424 farmers with pesticide use behavior were selected as the subjects. [Results: 83.45% of the farmers had mixed pesticides by themselves or their family members before the use of pesticides. In the planting base mainly by the agricultural technician 48.81am, the base owner is responsible for mixing pesticide, pesticide packaging and waste disposal. 45.32% of the farmers are mainly abandoned to farmland or rivers; 101 agricultural workers surveyed at the planting site reported pesticide packaging and waste collection and disposal. Measures for self-protection in the use of pesticides. 25.25% of the farm workers reported never wearing a mask, while 52.76% of the farmers reported never wearing a mask. There was a statistically significant difference in frequency between the two groups. The frequency of wearing rubber gloves when using pesticides was 35.35% of agricultural workers reported never wearing them, and 87.77% of farmers reported never wearing them. The difference of wearing frequency between the two groups was statistically significant. [Conclusion: the planting base is more inclined to be operated by the personnel with professional education or training in the mixed distribution of pesticides and the disposal of pesticide waste packaging. Agricultural workers also take more protective measures than farmers. It is suggested that the production mode of planting base is beneficial to the safe and reasonable use of pesticides.
【作者单位】：昆明医科大学健康研究所;昆明医科大学公共卫生学院;
【基金】：加拿大国际发展研究中心资助的FBLI(Field Building Leadership Initiative:Advancing Eco-health in Southeast Asia)国际合作项目(编号:106556-004)
【分类号】：F327 ;R139.5
【正文快照】： 王一洋a,方菁a,朱敏a,范琳波b,肖霞b,廖盛玲b,袁经松a,宫国栋a中国政府在2013年发布的国务院一号文件中,突出强调围绕现代农业建设,构建新型农业经营体系,鼓励和支持承包土地向专业大户、家庭农场、农民合作社流转[1]。文件对农业集约化生产方式给予了极大的支持,集约化农业生

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