早餐质量对青年脑力劳动者短期认知能力影响的研究

发布时间：2018-01-31 18:53

本文关键词： 青年脑力劳动者早餐认知能力情绪　出处：《中国疾病预防控制中心》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：背景早餐被认为是三餐中最重要的一餐。早餐所提供的能量和营养素不仅是保持身体健康的需要,也是维持大脑认知能力的需要。研究早餐质量对青年脑力劳动者短期认知能力的影响,并探讨其相关机制,不仅有助于提高青年脑力劳动者对早餐重要性的认识,还可以减少因不吃早餐或早餐营养不良引起的认知能力下降,从而保证身体健康,促进工作效率的提高。目的采用三阶段交叉设计研究,研究营养充分早餐、营养不充分早餐和不吃早餐,三种早餐模式对青年脑力劳动者短期认知能力和情绪的影响,为开展青年脑力劳动者早餐教育工作提供策略和建议。对象与方法通过在沈阳和重庆两地通过问卷调查和体格检查募集278名合格的青年脑力劳动者作为研究对象,并随机分为三组(A组、B组、C组),每组44人。采用三阶段交叉设计方法,每组研究对象分别接受营养充分早餐、营养不充分早餐和不吃早餐三种不同的早餐行为干预模式,其顺序为A→B→C,B→C→A,C→A→B。每周一次,连续三周,每个研究对象均接受三种不同的早餐模式,并在餐后2小时进行相关认知能力、情绪、饱腹感和血糖水平检测。结果1.共募集研究对象278名,仅62.2%的研究对象每天吃早餐,女性每天吃早餐的比例高于男性(70.1% vs 53.7%)。早餐就餐地点前三位的依次是家里(46.4%)、单位食堂(21.9%)、路边摊(18.3%)。青年脑力劳动者不吃早餐原因依次为：没时间吃(42.1%)、不想吃(23.0%)、习惯不吃(31.2%)、没必要吃(5.8%)。只有1/3研究对象认为早餐应包含四类食物,相比而言认为早餐中包含谷类食物和奶豆类的研究对象比例较高,分别为80.6%和81.7%；研究对象对于不吃早餐或吃不好早餐对健康的影响认识还不够全面,仅有70.5%的研究对象认为早餐营养对健康影响很大;83.1%的研究对象选择乐意参加营养健康饮食方面的知识讲座,但仍有12.6%的研究对象不清楚自己是否乐意参加营养健康饮食方面知识讲座。2.食用营养充分早餐的研究对象短期记忆力得分明显高于食用营养不充分早餐和不吃早餐的研究对象[F(2,231)=19.33,P0.001]；食用营养充分早餐的女性研究对象数字符号测验得分明显高于同性别不吃早餐的研究对象(Z=-2.83,P0.05)：食用营养充分早餐的研究对象IMC得分明显高于不吃早餐组(363.01 vs327.92,P0.05)。两两分析发现食用营养充分早餐的研究对象错误率明显低于食用营养不充分早餐和不吃早餐的研究对象。本研究创造力和语言逻辑力测试在三种早餐模式干预间没有发现明显差异。3.充分早餐组研究对象积极情绪得分高于不充分早餐组和不吃早餐组,且与不吃早餐组差异有统计学意义,[F(2,231)=3.86,P0.05]；充分早餐组消极情绪得分低于不充分早餐组和不吃早餐组,但差异没有统计学意义,[F(2,231)=1.29,P0.05]。接受三种早餐模式的研究对象早饱腹感得分具有显著性差异[F(2,231)=71.24,P0.001]；且两两之间比较,差异也有统计学意义(t=3.8,P0.01)。研究对象空腹血糖水平没有显著性差异,餐后2小时血糖表现出显著性差异(F(2,231)=9.57,P0.001)。结论营养充分早餐可以改善青年脑力劳动者短期认知能力,其可能机制是营养充分早餐在维持机体血糖水平稳定方面发挥作用。此外,由于青年脑力劳动者缺乏营养相关知识,对早餐的重视性还不够。因此,应尽快制定相关防控策略,出台相应的防控措施。
[Abstract]:The background of the breakfast is considered to be the most important meal of meals. Breakfast provides the energy and nutrients is not only the need to maintain health, but also need to maintain the brain cognitive ability. Effects of breakfast quality on young brainworkers short-term cognitive ability, and to explore the related mechanisms, not only helps to improve the young brainworkers understanding of the importance of breakfast, but also can reduce because they do not eat breakfast or breakfast malnutrition caused by cognitive decline, so as to ensure the health, promote the improvement of work efficiency. The three stage is the crossover design to study nutrition full breakfast, breakfast and insufficient nutrition, do not eat breakfast, breakfast of three youths the workers short-term cognitive and mood, provide strategies and suggestions for the development of youth mental breakfast education. Subjects and methods by Shen Yang Hezhong To celebrate the two through the questionnaire survey and physical examination to raise 278 qualified young white-collar workers as the research object, and randomly divided into three groups (A group, B group, C group), each group of 44 people. The cross design method of three stage, each group of subjects were receiving adequate nutrition breakfast, nutrition is not sufficient and no breakfast eat breakfast three different breakfast behavior intervention mode, the order of A, B, C, B, C, A, C, A, B. each week, for three weeks, all of the subjects received three different breakfast mode, and in 2 hours after meal were related to cognitive ability, emotion. Detection of satiety and blood sugar levels. Results 1. raised a total of 278 subjects, only 62.2% of the subjects every day to eat breakfast, eat breakfast daily for women than men (70.1% vs 53.7%). Breakfast at the top three in turn is home (46.4%), (21.9%), canteens (Roadside stalls 18.3%) youth. Mental workers do not eat breakfast reasons as follows: (42.1%) no time to eat, do not want to eat, do not eat habits (23%) (31.2%), no need to eat (5.8%). Only the 1/3 study that breakfast should include four kinds of food, compared with cereal and milk that contains beans the research object in the proportion of breakfast high, respectively 80.6% and 81.7%; the object of study for do not eat breakfast or eat breakfast is not good to the health effects of knowledge is not comprehensive, only 70.5% of the subjects think great influence on healthy breakfast nutrition; 83.1% of respondents choose to participate in the diet nutrition and health knowledge, happy, but there are still 12.6% of respondents do not aware of their willingness to study in nutrition and health food knowledge,.2. nutrition full breakfast short-term memory score was significantly higher than eating insufficient nutrition breakfast and do not eat breakfast [study F (2231) =19.33, P0.001]; female subject digital symbol test score was significantly higher than that of the full nutritional breakfast do not eat breakfast on the same sex object (Z=-2.83, P0.05): nutritional breakfast full IMC studied were significantly higher than those without breakfast group (363.01 vs327.92, 22 P0.05). The analysis indicated that the research object of edible adequate nutrition breakfast was significantly lower than the error rate is not sufficient nutritional breakfast and Breakfast study. The study of creativity and logic of language testing found no significant difference between.3. group of subjects full breakfast positive emotion score higher than inadequate group and do not eat breakfast breakfast group on three breakfast intervention, and do not eat the breakfast group, the difference was statistically significant, [F (2231) =3.86, P0.05]; full breakfast group negative mood score lower than full breakfast group and do not eat breakfast group, but no statistical difference Significance of [F, =1.29, P0.05]. (2231) accept the research object of three kinds of breakfast mode early satiety score has significant difference between [F (2231) =71.24, P0.001]; and the comparison between 22, there was also significant difference (t=3.8, P0.01). There was no significant difference in fasting blood glucose level of the research object, after the meal 2 hours blood glucose showed significant difference (F (2231) =9.57, P0.001). Conclusion nutritional breakfast can fully improve the young brainworkers short-term cognitive ability, the possible mechanism is sufficient nutrition breakfast play a role in maintaining the body's blood sugar levels stable. In addition, the young brainworkers lack of nutrition knowledge, pay attention to the breakfast is not enough. Therefore, should formulate relevant control strategies as soon as possible, the introduction of appropriate prevention and control measures.

【学位授予单位】：中国疾病预防控制中心
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：R151.41

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