大连地区儿童青少年体成分的调查研究

发布时间：2018-02-14 03:43

本文关键词： 生物电阻抗分析法体成分儿童青少年肥胖　出处：《大连医科大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目的：体成分是指人体的总重量中所含不同身体成分的构成比,主要包括体脂率、脂肪量、去脂体重、肌肉量、骨量和体内水分率等。儿童青少年处于生长发育期,因此体成分也呈现动态变化的趋势。体成分的构成比例在一定程度上反映了多种因素的综合影响,例如：年龄、性别、区域、种族、生长发育、营养水平、经济水平及体育锻炼等。本研究旨在探讨大连地区儿童青少年体成分的发育规律、特点,了解大连儿童青少年体成分状况,进而为其健康生长提供科学依据,为指导其营养状况和制定保健措施提供参考,也为今后评价儿童青少年生长发育的动态变化积累资料。材料与方法：本研究抽取大连市全日制小学2所、中学2所、高中1所,每个年级共抽取4个班,共2027名6-18岁儿童青少年,分别对身高、体重和生物电阻抗法身体成分进行了测量。采用金属人体坐高身高测量计测量身高,采用日本TANITA公司的MC-180型体成分测量仪(生物电阻抗法)测定体重、体脂量(FM)、去脂体重(FFM)、体脂率(PBF)、骨量、肌肉量、BMI、体水分率及基础代谢量等。以PBF判定超重及肥胖,超重：女性24%-30%,男性21%-25%；肥胖：女性30%,男性25%。将大连学生的身高及体重、体脂率、瘦体重分别与2000年大连男女学生、2005年广州男女学生以及2005年北京男女学生进行比较。结果： 1.大连6-18岁男女学生的身高、体重、体脂率、脂肪量、去脂体重、肌肉量、骨量、BMI和基础代谢量总体均随年龄的增长而增加,生长曲线呈上升趋势；体内水分率随着年龄的增长而减少。其中体脂率、脂肪量及体内水分率的生长曲线出现两次交叉,交叉均发生在11岁之前；去脂体重、基础代谢量、肌肉量的生长曲线在6-11岁呈平行发展趋势,骨量的生长曲线在6-12岁间为一重叠曲线；上述指标在11-12岁后生长趋势差异明显。 2.大连男女学生的肌肉量、去脂体重及基础代谢量在所有年龄段均存在显著性差,形态指标及其他的体成分指标在部分年龄段存在性差。 3.大连7-18岁男女学生的2012年身高、体重均比2000年有较大幅度的增长。 4.大连7-18岁男女学生的体脂率、BMI高于广州男女学生,瘦体重高于北京男女学生。 5.大连女学生肥胖检出率为24.9%,男学生的肥胖检出率为24.4%。结论： 1.大连城市6-18岁儿童青少年体重、身高及体成分构成比例符合儿童青少年生长发育规律。 2.大连男女学生的肌肉量、去脂体重及基础代谢量在所有年龄段均存在显著性差,形态指标、超重和肥胖构成比及其他的体成分指标在部分年龄段存在性差。 3.2012年的身高、体重指标均高于2000年,存在时代差,说明学生营养水平有所提高。 4.大连学生的体脂率、BMI及瘦体重分别高于广州、北京,存在地区差异。 5.大连学生的肥胖检出率明显高于国家标准,控制儿童肥胖形势严峻。
[Abstract]:Objective:. Body composition refers to the composition ratio of different body components in the total weight of the human body, mainly including body fat rate, fat amount, fat free body weight, muscle mass, bone mass and body water content. Children and adolescents are in the period of growth and development. The proportion of body composition reflects to some extent the combined effects of many factors, such as age, sex, region, race, growth and development, nutritional level, etc. The purpose of this study was to explore the developmental law and characteristics of physical composition of children and adolescents in Dalian, to understand the status of physical composition of children and adolescents in Dalian, and to provide scientific basis for their healthy growth. In order to guide their nutritional status and make health care measures to provide a reference for the future evaluation of children and adolescents growth and development of dynamic changes in the accumulation of data. Materials and methods:. In this study, 2 whole-day primary schools, 2 middle schools and 1 senior high school in Dalian City were selected. A total of 2 027 children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years were selected for each grade. Body weight and body composition were measured by bioelectrical impedance method. Height was measured by metal sitting height meter, and body weight was measured by MC-180 type body composition measuring instrument (bioelectric impedance method) of TANITA Company of Japan. Body fat quantity: FFM, FFM, body fat rate, bone mass, muscle volume, body water content and basal metabolism, etc. Based on PBF, overweight and obesity are judged: female 24-30, male 21-25. obesity: female 30, male 25.The height and weight of Dalian students, body fat rate, The lean weight was compared with Dalian male and female students in 2000, Guangzhou male and female students in 2005 and Beijing male and female students in 2005. Results:. 1. The height, body weight, body fat rate, fat volume, fat-free weight, muscle mass, bone mass and basal metabolism of male and female students aged 6-18 years in Dalian all increased with the increase of age, and the growth curve showed an upward trend. The growth curve of body fat rate, fat content and body water rate is crossed twice, and the cross occurs before age 11. The growth curve of muscle mass showed a parallel development trend at 6-11 years old, and the growth curve of bone mass was an overlapping curve between 6-12 years old, and the growth trend of the above indexes was obviously different after 11-12 years old. 2. There were significant differences in muscle volume, fat-free body weight and basal metabolism of Dalian male and female students in all age groups, while morphological indexes and other body composition indexes were poor in some age groups. 3. In 2012, the height and weight of boys and girls aged 7-18 in Dalian increased significantly compared with 2000. 4. The body fat rate of male and female students aged 7 to 18 in Dalian was higher than that of Guangzhou male and female students, and the lean weight was higher than that of Beijing male and female students. 5. The obesity rate of Dalian female students was 24.9 and that of male students was 24.4. Conclusion:. 1. The weight, height and body composition of children aged 6-18 in Dalian city are in accordance with the growth and development law of children and adolescents. 2. There were significant differences in muscle volume, fat-free body weight and basal metabolism of Dalian male and female students in all age groups. The morphological indexes, overweight and obesity composition ratio and other body composition indexes were poor in some age groups. 3. The height and weight in 2012 were higher than those in 2000, which indicated that the nutritional level of the students was improved. 4. The BMI and lean weight of Dalian students were higher than those of Guangzhou and Beijing. 5. The prevalence rate of obesity among Dalian students is higher than that of national standard, and the situation of controlling obesity in children is serious.
【学位授予单位】：大连医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R179

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