1～3岁早产低出生体重儿童认知、注意及执行功能特点的研究

发布时间：2018-02-24 04:42

本文关键词： 早产儿低出生体重认知注意执行功能　出处：《青岛大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目的探讨早产低出生体重对1-3岁幼儿认知、注意和执行功能的影响以及正常出生体重儿童注意发展的特点。方法本研究的对象为16.5～31月龄早产低出生体重儿20名和正常出生体重(NBW)儿童53名。①儿童注意的评估：采用录像计算机回放法,依次给予儿童“电子琴、厨房玩具”2组玩具,每组自由玩耍8分钟(480秒),全程摄像,计算机回放评估儿童的注意时间,包括专注注意和偶然注意的时间,并给予注意等级评定。②采用贝利婴幼儿发育量表评估儿童的认知和运动发育。③执行功能评估：采用“A非B任务”测验,记录3次测试中儿童找到被掩藏的玩具次数。④自制家庭环境调查问卷,了解儿童一般情况、母孕期情况和日常养育情况。结果①正常幼儿注意时间：1-3岁NBW幼儿在自由玩耍“玩具1、玩具2”各480秒时,玩具1注意总时间为428.6±86.2秒,专注注意时间175.3±106.6秒,偶然注意时间为253.3±100.1秒；玩具2注意总时间为386.0±65.7秒,专注注意时间115.3±91.3秒,偶然注意时间为270.7±71.2秒,总的专注注意短于偶然注意时间(t=2.37,P0.01)。男童和女童之间的注意时间无显著性差异；按注意等级评估,男童和女童也无显著性差异。②认知和运动发育：正常出生体重组智力发育指数(MDI)为113.1±9.8,早产低出生体重组为96.5±22.8,二者有显著性差异(t=-3.24,P0.01),运动发育指数(PDI)分别为105.7±6.8和97.8±12.2,也有显著性差异(t=-2.73,P0.05)。将早产低出生体重组按校正年龄评估,其MDI和PD1分别与对照组比较,MDI仍明显低于对照组(t=11.4,P0.01),而PDI则无显著性差异。正常出生体重组的MDI、PDI在中上等(=110)的比率较高,而低出生体重组在中下等(=89)的比率较高。低出生体重组MDI=89的占60%,正常出生体重组仅为1.9%。多元相关分析显示MDI与胎龄、出生体重、母亲文化水平及新生儿期重症呼吸系统疾病存在相关关系。③低出生体重组注意时间：早产低出生体重儿与正常出生体重儿相比,仅对玩具2的偶然注意时间有显著差异(t=-2.23,P0.05),余无显著差异。按注意等级评估,早产组和对照组亦无显著性差异。多元回归分析显示新生儿重症呼吸系统疾病为注意发育的不利影响因素。④低出生体重组的执行功能：与对照组相比,早产组执行功能略低,但差异无显著性(P=0.10),多元相关分析显示,执行功能与MDI、PDI存在显著性相关关系,r分别为0.358、0.463,P0.05。结论1-3岁正常出生体重幼儿专注注意时间短于偶然注意。低出生体重组幼儿的智力发育指数和运动发育指数低于正常出生体重组。未发现低出生体重幼儿注意时间及执行功能与正常幼儿的显著性差异,但执行功能与MDI、PDI存在显著相关。
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate the effects of low birth weight at preterm birth on cognition, attention and executive function of children aged 1-3 and the characteristics of attention development in children with normal birth weight. Methods the subjects of this study were 20 preterm infants with low birth weight and 53 children with normal birth weight (NBW). The children were given "electronic organ, kitchen toy" two groups of toys by video computer playback. Each group was free to play for 8 minutes or 480 seconds. The whole course was filmed and the computer played back to assess the attention time of the child, including the time of attention and accidental attention. At the same time, the attention rating was given. 2. Using the Bailey Infant Development scale to assess the cognitive and motor development of children, the executive function of cognitive and motor development was evaluated by "A non-B task" test. The number of toys found in the three tests was recorded. 4. Self-made family environment questionnaire was made to find out the general situation of the children, the maternal pregnancy and the daily upbringing. Results (1) at 480 seconds of toy 1 and toy 2, the total attention time of toy 1 and toy 2 were 428.6 卤86.2 seconds, 175.3 卤106.6 seconds, 253.3 卤100.1 seconds, and 386.0 卤65.7 seconds, respectively. The time of attention was 115.3 卤91.3 seconds, and the time of accidental attention was 270.7 卤71.2 seconds. The total attention time was shorter than that of accidental attention. There was no significant difference in attention time between boys and girls. There was also no significant difference in cognitive and motor development between boys and girls. The MDI of normal birth weight group was 113.1 卤9.8, and that of premature low birth weight group was 96.5 卤22.8. There was a significant difference between them. The PDI of normal birth weight group was 105.7 卤6.8 and 97.8 卤12.2 respectively, and the PDI was 105.7 卤6.8 and 97.8 卤12.2 respectively. There was a significant difference between the two groups. The low birth weight group was evaluated according to the corrected age. Compared with the control group, MDI and PD1 were still significantly lower than that of the control group (P 0.01), but PDI had no significant difference. The rate of MDI in the normal birth weight group was higher than that in the control group. The proportion of MDI=89 in low birth weight group was 60, and that in normal birth weight group was 1.9 percent. Multiple correlation analysis showed that MDI was associated with gestational age and birth weight. 3. Attention time in low birth weight group: compared with normal birth weight infant, premature low birth weight infant, Only for toy 2, there was a significant difference in the time of accidental attention, and there was no significant difference in the rest. Multiple regression analysis showed that severe neonatal respiratory diseases were adverse factors of attention development. 4. Executive function of low birth weight group was slightly lower than that of control group. Multivariate correlation analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between the executive function and MDI PDI (r = 0.358 0. 463 P0.05, respectively). Conclusion the attention time of normal birth weight children aged 1-3 years is shorter than that of accidental attention. The intelligence development index and motor development index of children in low birth weight group are lower than those in normal birth weight group, and no attention is found in children with low birth weight. There were significant differences in time and executive function between children and normal children. However, there was a significant correlation between the executive function and the MDI PDI.
【学位授予单位】：青岛大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R174

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