企业职工职业病救济法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-08 07:52

本文选题：职业病　切入点：工伤认定　出处：《华中师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：职业病是近年来逐渐深入人们视野的一个字眼。这一问题在我国出现的案例也是纷繁复杂。但就我国目前企业职工职业病救济的程序与方式等来看,还存在着许多问题。文章拟从以下四个方面对职业病救济的相关法律问题进行探讨。第一部分,企业职工职业病救济的法理依据。首先,不论相对于用人单位、以前处于健康状态的自己和其他职工,还是依其自身的经济状况来看,患职业病的职工都是的弱者,对弱者进行倾斜保护是法律的基本精神。其次,职业病的出现会对患者自身身体健康和心理健康以及职工家人的心理健康都带来较大的损害,对其进行救济是保障公民健康权原则的要求。第三,职工为企业创造利润,却因此而患上职业病,企业作为利润的享有者必须承担相应的对职工进行救济的义务,这是企业承担社会责任的体现,也是权利义务对等原则的要求。第四,法的正义价值要求扬善抑恶,职工患职业病是因为为企业付出的劳动,并且职工本身和家庭生活往往会遭受毁灭性的打击,由国家对这种权利的救济给予强制性保障是法律正义价值的要求。最后,职业病是整个国际社会都非常关注的难题。国际劳工组织修订职业病目录并颁布《职业安全与卫生公约》等法律文件,美、日、英等国也设置包括财产罚和自由罚的不同幅度的刑事责任,来保障患职业病职工的权益。对我国患职业病的职工进行救济也是顺应国际潮流和趋势的。第二部分,企业职工职业病的认定。首先,诊断机构的合理设置是正确科学认定的前提。职业病诊断机构的设置应当遵循专业性、中立性以及层级限制和地域限制的基本原则。《职业病诊断与鉴定管理办法(修订征求意见稿)》的相关规定对于职业病诊断机构的设置进行了完善。包括要求向社会公布本行政区域内职业病诊断机构名单和根据需要指定条件符合的医疗卫生机构依法承担职业病诊断工作。但是,笔者认为对于一些具有权威且具备相关技术条件的非法定鉴定机构的鉴定结果可以作为特殊情况下的补充,也可以作为对法定诊断机构进行考评和监督的一项考察指标。其次,职业病认定的依据。现行的法定职业病的种类应包括《关于印发职业病目录的通知》中规定的共10大类115种职业病。最后,是认定的程序和期限。认定的程序包括职业病诊断(职业病诊断鉴定)、工伤认定和劳动能力鉴定。确定救济方式的程序则包括协商、调解、仲裁和诉讼。第三部分,企业职工职业病救济的具体措施。首先,经鉴定患职业病的职工已经参加工伤社会保险的,可以根据受损害程度享受相应的工伤保险待遇,对于职工未获赔偿其他权利则由用人单位进行赔偿。其次,用人单位应保障换职业病职工享有换岗权。再次,用人单位还应对患职业病职工的后期生活提供保障。最后,特殊情况下的责任应由相关的用人单位公平分配。第四部分,职业病救济的政府责任和除外情形。首先,政府应当做好职业病宣传,提高公众的防范意识；严格监督企业的生产环境,保障安全的工作环境；给实力较弱且保障安全生产环境负担较重的生产企业提供必要的资金扶持。其次,当患职业病的职工存在违反工作程序导致患职业病、拒不接受劳动能力鉴定和拒绝接受职业病治疗的情况时,应当免除用人单位对其进行救济的责任。
[Abstract]:Occupation disease is a word in recent years gradually deepening people's horizons. These problems appear in our case is complicated. But China's current enterprise staff occupation disease relief procedures and methods, there are still many problems. This article intends to remedy legal issues related to occupation disease from the following four aspects carries on the discussion.
The first part, the legal basis for enterprise workers occupation disease relief. First, compared with the employing unit, the time when he is healthy and other workers, or according to their own economic situation, suffering from disease occupation workers are weak, the weak tilt protection is the basic spirit of the law. Secondly, there occupation disease of the patient's own health and mental health workers and family mental health have great harm, the remedy is to protect the citizens' health right principle. Third, the staff to create profit for the enterprise, therefore it is suffering from occupation disease, as the receiver of the profit enterprises must undertake corresponding to the obligation of relief workers, this is a manifestation of corporate social responsibility, the principle of equal rights and obligations and requirements. In fourth, the justice value of law requirements of good and evil, is for workers suffering from occupation disease Pay for the labor, and the worker and his family often suffer a devastating blow to the right to relief by the national security law is given mandatory justice requirements. Finally, occupation disease is a problem of the international community are very concerned. The International Labour Organization revised and promulgated the "occupation occupation disease directory security and health convention" and other legal documents, the United States, Japan, Britain and other countries also set up including property penalty and freedom penalty in different range of criminal responsibility, to protect the interests of workers suffering from occupation disease. The relief also complies with the international trend of our country with occupation disease workers.
The second part, identification of occupation disease enterprise workers. First, setting up reasonable diagnosis mechanism is the premise of the scientific recognition. The correct diagnosis of the disease mechanism of occupation should be guided by professional, neutrality and regional restrict. The basic principle of occupation disease diagnosis and appraisal management approach (Revised Draft) "the relevant provisions the mechanism for the diagnosis of occupation disease settings were perfect. Including the published list within the administrative area of occupation disease diagnosis to the society and institutions according to the medical and health institutions need to specify conditions in accordance with the occupation disease diagnosis according to the fault bear work. But I think for some authoritative and non statutory accreditation bodies have the identification results of the related technical conditions can be used as a supplement in special situation, also can be used as an index for evaluation and supervision of the legal institutions diagnosis. Secondly, occupation disease The basis for finding the types of legal occupation disease should include provisions on the current < Directory > notice issued occupation disease in the total of 10 major categories of 115 kinds of occupation disease. Finally, is the identification procedures and deadlines. Identification procedures including occupation disease diagnosis (identification and diagnosis of occupation disease), identification of work-related injury and determine the ability to work. The way of relief programs including negotiation, mediation, arbitration and litigation.
The third part, the specific measures of enterprise workers occupation disease relief. First of all, identified with occupation disease workers have participated in the social insurance of industrial injury, can according to the degree of damage and enjoy the corresponding treatment of inductrial injury insurance, workers compensation for other rights by the employer for compensation. Secondly, the employer shall guarantee for occupation sick employees enjoy changing rights. Thirdly, the employer should also suffer from disease in later life occupation workers to provide protection. Finally, the responsibility of special circumstances should be related with the fair distribution of units.
The fourth part, occupation disease relief of government responsibility and exceptions. First of all, the government should do the occupation disease propaganda, raise public awareness of prevention; strict supervision of enterprise production environment, ensure a safe working environment; to the production enterprises weaker and ensure safe production environment relatively heavy burden to provide the necessary financial support. Secondly, when workers are suffering from occupation disease resulting from occupation disease in violation of work procedures, refused to accept the labor ability appraisal and refused to accept the occupation disease treatment situation, should be exempt from the liability relief to the units.

【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D922.5;R13

【参考文献】