岩藻黄素和豆渣膳食纤维对肥胖的预防作用及其机理研究

发布时间：2018-03-10 07:51

本文选题：岩藻黄素　切入点：共轭亚油酸　出处：《浙江大学》2013年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：肥胖已经在全球广泛盛行,威胁着全人类的健康。肥胖与许多慢性疾病密切相关,如糖尿病,心血管疾病,消化系统疾病,呼吸道疾病以及各种癌症。岩藻黄素(fucoxanthin)是海藻中特殊类胡萝卜素的重要种类之一,含有丙二烯和环氧烷的特殊结构,这种特殊结构决定了其具有抗肥胖、调节血糖、抗肿瘤、清除自由基、抗氧化、抗血管新生等多种生理活性。共轭亚油酸(conjugated linoleic acids, CLA)是必需脂肪酸-亚油酸(linoleic acid, LA)的异构体,是天然存在的十八碳二烯酸,含有共轭双键,属于多不饱和脂肪酸。近年来研究证明,CLA有多种生理活性,包括预防动脉粥样硬化,促进动物生长,提高机体免疫力,减少脂肪沉积和影响脂肪代谢、减少甘油三酯含量,抗肿瘤,改善Ⅱ型糖尿病等。豆渣是加工豆腐、豆乳等豆制品的副产品,其中含有丰富的膳食纤维,产热低,并含有钙、磷、铁、维生素等营养成分,对肥胖症、糖尿病、心血管疾病等具有一定的防治作用。膳食纤维是食品营养中的第七大营养元素,对人体健康至关重要。但是目前我国人均膳食纤维摄入量较低,而豆渣富含膳食纤维,其含量达50%～70%,却由于豆渣直接食用,口感粗糙,难以下咽,所以限制了豆渣在食品中的应用。目前我国年产约2000万吨湿豆渣,其中大部分只用作饲料。首先通过对SD大鼠的饮食干预,研究了岩藻黄素及岩藻黄素和共轭亚油酸组合对大鼠体重、脂肪湿重、血脂和组织病理等的影响,同时测定了脂肪组织中脂联素,瘦素,脂质生成,分解和转运相关的酶,UCP2等基因的表达。研究发现,岩藻黄素可以显著地降低体重,脂肪湿重和肝重,改善高脂引起的脂肪肝变性,降低游离脂肪酸在血清中的含量,同时,岩藻黄素还具有提高抵抗素,脂肪甘油三酯脂肪酶和肉碱棕榈酰转移酶1A等基因表达的作用。岩藻黄素和共轭亚油酸能够促进脂质分解代谢以及脂肪酸转运基因表达的上调,同时促进脂肪合成酶基因的下调,加速了脂肪酸的p氧化和TG的水解,抑制脂质生成和成熟脂肪细胞的分化,从而起到降低肥胖大鼠体重的作用。这为今后藻类中岩藻黄素的食(药)用开发利用和营养评价以及共轭亚油酸的进一步加工利用提供了一定的理论研究基础和科学依据。其次,研究将豆渣粉添加到饼干中,用特制的豆渣饼干对超重和肥胖者进行随机对照干预试验,探究豆渣中膳食纤维降低体重,改善血脂和体脂的作用及其机制。试验结果表明,12周后,食用豆渣膳食纤维的试验者体重,BMI和血清LDL-C水平显著降低。同时,豆渣组试验者的体重、BMI、腰围和舒张压,血清TC、LDL-C、血糖水平、体脂和躯干脂肪含量亦均显著低于干预前。膳食纤维主要是能够促进过饱状态,抑制食欲,从而减少食物摄入来降低体重和体脂。膳食纤维还有可能通过胆汁酸的排泄,继而促进胆固醇向胆汁酸的转变从而引起血清中胆固醇水平降低。这些结果说明,豆渣膳食纤维对超重和肥胖者的体重、血压、腰围、血清脂质水平和体脂具有明显的改善作用。
[Abstract]:Obesity has been widespread in the world and threatens the health of all mankind. Obesity is closely related to many chronic diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, digestive system diseases, respiratory diseases and various kinds of cancer.
Fucoxanthin (fucoxanthin) is one of the important types of special algae carotene, special structure containing allene and alkylene oxide, this special structure makes it has anti obesity, blood glucose regulation, anti-tumor, free radical scavenging, antioxidant, anti angiogenesis and other physiological activity. The conjugated linoleic acid (conjugated linoleic acids. CLA) is the essential fatty acid linoleic acid - (linoleic acid LA) isomer is a naturally occurring eighteen carbon two acid, containing conjugated double bonds, which belongs to the polyunsaturated fatty acids. Recent studies show that CLA has a variety of physiological activities, including the prevention of atherosclerosis, promote animal growth, improve immunity, reduce fat effect of fat deposition and metabolism, reduce the content of triglyceride, anti-tumor, improve type II diabetes.
Okra is tofu, soy milk and other soy by-products, which contains rich dietary fiber, low heat, and contains calcium, phosphorus, iron, vitamins and other nutrients for diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, certain preventive effect is. Dietary fiber is seventh nutrients in food and nutrition, is essential to the health of human body. But China's per capita dietary fiber intake is low, while the soybean is rich in dietary fiber, the content of 50% ~ 70%, but because the bean dregs direct edible, rough texture, hard to swallow, so limit the application of residue in food. At present, China's annual output of about 20 million tons of wet dregs, most of them only for feed.
First of all through the diet intervention on SD rats, weight of fucoxanthin and fucoxanthin and conjugated linoleic acid on rats, the wet weight of fat, serum lipids and pathological tissue, adipose tissue adiponectin, determination of leptin, lipid formation, decomposition and transport related enzymes, expression of UCP2 gene the study found that fucoxanthin can significantly reduce the body weight, wet weight of fat and liver weight, improve the high fat induced fatty liver degeneration, reduce the content of free fatty acid in serum at the same time, fucoxanthin has increased the role of resistin, adipose triglyceride lipase and carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1A gene expression. Fucoxanthin and conjugated linoleic acid can promote lipid metabolism and fatty acid transporter gene expression, and promote fat synthase gene down-regulation, accelerate the hydrolysis of fatty acid oxidation of P and TG, inhibited The differentiation of lipid formation and mature fat cells, so as to reduce the body weight of obese rats. This is the future of algae fucoxanthin in food (Medicine) for the development and utilization of nutrition evaluation and further processing of conjugated linoleic acid by providing certain theoretical basis and scientific basis.
Secondly, the study of bean dregs powder is added to the biscuit, for randomized controlled intervention trials of overweight and obese persons with special soybean dietary fiber from soybean dregs of biscuit, reduce weight, improve the effect and mechanism of blood lipid and body fat. The results showed that 12 weeks after the test, edible dietary fiber weight, and BMI the serum LDL-C level was significantly reduced. At the same time, bean dregs group weight, BMI, waist circumference and blood pressure, serum TC, LDL-C, blood glucose level, body fat and body fat content were significantly lower than those before intervention. Dietary fiber is mainly to promote satiety, suppress appetite, reduce body weight and reduce the food intake of dietary fiber and fat. Through the excretion of bile acids and cholesterol to promote transformation of bile acid resulting in serum cholesterol levels decreased. These results indicated that dietary fiber on overweight and obesity The body weight, blood pressure, waist circumference, serum lipid level and body fat have a significant improvement.

【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R151.3

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