大气细粒子中PAHs暴露与老年人代谢标志物的相关研究

发布时间：2018-03-11 22:26

本文选题：PM_(2.5)　切入点：PAHs　出处：《南开大学》2013年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：PAHs因为其致癌、致癌、致突变的三致特性,一直环境学、毒理学等学科是研究的热点,附着在PM2.5上的PAHs组分可以随颗粒物沉积到人体肺泡深处,对人体有显著的健康影响。本论文对老年人这一特殊敏感群体的颗粒物PAHs暴露特征进行研究,分析PM2.5载带的PAHs与人体代谢生物标志物8-OHdG和OH-PAHs的关联,判别老年人的潜在暴露风险与污染物来源。研究在天津两个社区选取101名老人,分别于2011年6月13日-2011年7月2日,2011年11月30日-2011年12月12日两个时间段采集老年人个体暴露、室内环境和区域环境的PM2.5样品,分析其中PAHs组分。在颗粒物样品采样结束的当天,采集老年人的晨尿样品进行分析,反映经监测期PAHs暴露后受试者体内生物标志代谢物的浓度水平。研究结果显示,(1)监测期间区域环境的PM2.5污染严重,夏季PM2.5的平均浓度为98.6μg/m3(浓度范围为28.2-144.8μg/m3),冬季PM2.5的平均浓度为140.Oμg/m3(浓度范围为23.5-325.61μg/m3),均超过了我国《环境空气质量标准》中规定的二级标准。夏季PM2.5载带的PAHs浓度为16.56ng/m3, BbF,InP和BP为主要污染组分；冬季PAHs的浓度为139.82ng/m3, BbF, FluA和Chr为主要污染组分。通过特征PAH组分比值法和因子分析法的分析,得出天津大气中PAHs受包括汽车排放源、煤炭燃烧源和工业排放源等多种源影响。(2)夏季老年人个体暴露和室内PM2.5浓度分别为124.2和120.0μg/m3,冬季老年人个体暴露和室内PM2.5浓度分别为170.8和164.9μg/m3,夏、冬两季老年人个体暴露的PAHs平均浓度分别为22.24和92.12ng/m3,两季的室内PAHs平均浓度分别为21.46和88.06ng/m3。在夏季,PAHs中2环-3环的组分为主要污染物,占总浓度的46%以上；而在冬季,4-6环的大分子组分为主要污染物,占PAHs总浓度的80%以上。个体暴露样品中PAHs各组分浓度和室内样品中PAHs浓度显著相关,和区域环境样品的分析值没有很好的相关性。应用蒙特卡洛模型,结合毒性等价因子等参数对老年人增加的终身致癌风险进行评价,设置了低暴露和高暴露两个情景。在低暴露浓度情景下,老年人中50%人群增加的患癌症风险为5.4×10-7,10%高风险人群增加的患癌症几率为1.48×10-6。而在高暴露浓度情景下,老年人中50%人群增加的患癌症风险为4.29×10-6,10%高风险人群增加的患癌症几率为1.31×10-5。根据EPA对风险范围的描述,天津老年人存在潜在的健康风险。通过特征组分比值法和因子分析法的分析,结果显示在夏、冬两季老年人的PAHs暴露来源由汽车排放源、燃煤源、香烟烟雾等多种源组成。(3)在夏、冬两季季尿液中羟基PAHs分别有7和10种组分有很好的检出。具有挥发性和半挥发性2-3环组分(包括萘和菲)的羟基代谢产物的内暴露水平较高,作为大气暴露风险监测的标志物萘的代谢物,1-OHNaP和2-OHNaP,检出量占所有羟基PAHs检出物的46%以上,大部分检出组分均体现出很好的相关性。对应用最为广泛的1-OHP,天津老年人尿中1-OHP的浓度水平在夏、冬两季有显著的差异,夏天的浓度水平在国内报道值中处于较低的水平；而冬天的浓度超过了一些国家的职业暴露的检出浓度,说明天津老人的处于较高浓度的PAHs暴露环境中,存在着潜在的暴露风险。应用ELISA试剂盒对老年人冬季尿中8-OHdG进行检测,得出尿中8-OHdG的平均浓度为9.08μmol/molcr。与文献报道值相比较,冬季老年人尿中8-OHdG浓度高于健康成人和小学生的检出值,甚至高出了一些工人的职业暴露检出值,表明老年人体内较强的氧化应激反应和潜在健康风险。4)将OH-PAHs、8-OHdG的检出结果与颗粒物中PAHs进行相关性分析,结果显示1-ONaP、2-OHNaP和∑OHNaP均与PM2.5中的NaP具有很好的相关性,指示出PM2.5中NaP对于老年人群体NaP内暴露水平的贡献。而其他羟基PAHs组分和8-OHdG与PM2.5个体暴露样品中PAHs组分没有体现出很好的相关性,但8-OHdG和羟基PAHs各组分间具有很好的相关性。说明相比与呼吸途径暴露,饮食等其他途径的暴露可能对老年人的健康有更强烈的影响。
[Abstract]:PAHs because of its carcinogenic, carcinogenic, mutagenic properties have been caused by three, environmental science, toxicology and other disciplines is a hotspot of research, attachment in PAHs group on the PM2.5 can be divided with the particle deposition to the depths of human alveolar, have significant health effects on the human body. The characteristics of exposed particles PAHs on the elderly special sensitive groups are studied. The analysis of PM2.5 carrying PAHs and human metabolic biomarkers related compounds 8-OHdG and OH-PAHs, judging elderly exposure potential and pollutant sources. Study on 101 elderly people in two communities in Tianjin were selected respectively in June 13, 2011, July 2nd -2011, November 30, 2011 -2011 year in December 12th two time acquisition of elderly individual exposure, indoor environment and regional environment PM2.5 sample, analysis of the PAHs component. The sampling at the end of particle samples collected, the elderly morning urine samples were analyzed The concentration level of biomarker metabolites in the subjects after PAHs exposure during the monitoring period was reflected.
The results showed that (1) during the monitoring of regional environment PM2.5 serious pollution, the average concentration of PM2.5 in summer is 98.6 g/m3 (concentration range of 28.2-144.8 g/m3), the average concentration of PM2.5 in winter is 140.O g/m3 (a concentration range of 23.5-325.61 ~ g/m3), exceeded the provisions of China's "environmental air quality standards. In the two level standard. The concentration of PAHs with carrier summer PM2.5 16.56ng/m3, BbF, InP and BP as the main pollution components; concentration of winter PAHs for 139.82ng/m3, BbF, FluA and Chr as the main pollution components. Analysis of analysis by feature PAH component ratio method and factor, the atmosphere of Tianjin PAHs by including automobile emission sources and industrial emissions and other sources affecting coal combustion. (2) in the elderly individual exposure and indoor PM2.5 concentrations were 124.2 and 120 g/m3 in winter, the elderly individual exposure and indoor PM2.5 concentrations were 170.8 and 164.9 g/ M3, summer, winter two season elderly individuals exposed to the average concentration of PAHs is 22.24 and 92.12ng/m3 respectively, the average concentration of indoor PAHs in the two quarter of 21.46 and 88.06ng/m3. respectively in the summer, 2 ring -3 ring in the PAHs group is divided into the main pollutants, accounted for more than the total concentration of the 46%; and in winter, 4-6 molecules ring the group is divided into the main pollutants, accounting for more than 80% of the total concentration of PAHs. The individual components of PAHs samples exposed to PAHs concentration and indoor samples significantly correlated analysis and regional environmental samples without a good correlation. The application of Monte Carlo model, combined with the toxic equivalence factor parameters such as increase of the elderly lifetime cancer risk were evaluation, set a low exposure and high exposure to two scenarios. In the low exposure scenario, 50% of the population in the elderly increases the risk of cancer is 5.4 * 10-7,10% high risk population increases the risk of cancer is 1.48 * 10-6. in The high concentration exposure scenario, 50% of the elderly population in the increased risk of cancer is 4.29 * 10-6,10% high risk population increases the risk of cancer is 1.31 * 10-5. EPA according to the description of the scope of risk, Tianjin elderly health risks. The characteristic component ratio method and factor analysis method, the analysis results. In summer, winter two season elderly PAHs exposure sources by automobile emission sources, coal source, cigarette smoke and other sources. (3) in the summer and winter seasons, two urine hydroxy PAHs respectively were 7 and 10 components are very good. With the volatile and semi volatile components in the 2-3 ring (including naphthalene and phenanthrene) with higher levels of exposure to hydroxyl metabolites, as atmospheric exposure risk monitoring marker of naphthalene metabolites, 1-OHNaP and 2-OHNaP, were all accounted for more than 46% hydroxy PAHs object detection, most components are reflected in a good phase Turn on. The most widely used 1-OHP, Tianjin elderly urinary 1-OHP level in the summer, winter two season had significant differences, the summer level in the domestic reported value at a low level; while winter concentrations exceed the concentration detection of some of the country's occupation exposure, that old people in Tianjin at higher concentrations of PAHs exposure, there is a potential risk of exposure. The application of ELISA kit for the detection of 8-OHdG in urine in the elderly, the average concentration of 8-OHdG in urine was 9.08 mol/molcr. compared with values reported in the literature, 8-OHdG years old winter urine concentration higher than the detection of healthy adults and pupils value, even higher than some workers occupation exposure detection value showed that oxidative stress strong in elderly people and potential health risks of.4) OH-PAHs, 8-OHdG and PAHs detection results of particles in the relevant Analysis results show that 1-ONaP, 2-OHNaP and OHNaP have good correlation with PM2.5 in NaP, indicating that PM2.5 in NaP for the elderly population in the NaP exposure level of contribution. While the other hydroxyl component PAHs and 8-OHdG and PM2.5 PAHs in the sample components of individual exposure did not reflect a good correlation. But 8-OHdG and hydroxyl PAHs components have a good correlation. Compared with respiratory pathway of exposure, exposure to other ways of diet may have a greater impact on the health of the elderly.

【学位授予单位】：南开大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R114;X513

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