新疆农村维吾尔族孕妇健康相关因素的研究

发布时间：2018-03-18 10:26

本文选题：维吾尔族孕妇　切入点：营养状况　出处：《新疆医科大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目的：了解维吾尔族孕妇膳食营养状况和不同孕期血浆同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）水平和变化规律，探讨其对孕妇健康状况的影响，为深入研究孕妇营养与健康状况提供依据。方法：本课题采用整群抽样的方法抽取喀什市附属乡中3397名维吾尔族孕妇作为调查对象，对其中自愿参与并通过伦理委员会审查的639名孕早期孕妇进行跟踪调查。1.采用面对面问卷询问的方式对调查对象进行基本情况调查。2.采用24小时膳食回顾法进行膳食调查，与我国每日膳食营养素参考摄入量（DRIs）进行比较分析。3.体格检查、血红蛋白（Hb）测定和血浆同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）测定。4.用SPSS17.0统计软件对数据进行统计，，并对Hb和血浆Hcy水平进行多因素非条件Logist回归分析。5.对639名孕早期孕妇追踪观察至其妊娠结局。结果：1.基本情况：年龄范围为20~30岁，平均年龄为（25.12±2.80）岁；文化程度以初中占构成比最多（41.60%）；职业以农民为主（45.36%）；人均月收入以1000～2000元最多（33.77%）；体质指数（BMI）偏轻、正常、超重各占12.12%、62.78%、25.10%。2.膳食营养状况：能量、蛋白质、镁、钾、钠、锌、硒、维生素A、维生素B1、维生素C和烟酸分别占DRIs的127.87%、139.88%、104.25%、104.88%、125.63%、97.27%、112.58%、133.33%、90.67%、111.54%和137.35%；磷和维生素E达到DRIs的217.00%和222.36%；钙、铁、维生素B2以及维生素B12分别占DRIs的62.30%、72.29%、67.60%和60.77%；碘、维生素D和叶酸仅占DRIs的52.69%、48.70%和20.65%。3.不同孕期Hb平均水平（110.53±11.98）g/L，孕早期（118.29±11.33）g/L和孕中晚期（107.08±10.77）g/L比较（P＜0.05）以及孕妇贫血发生率比较（P＜0.05），差异均有统计学意义；不同孕期血浆Hcy平均水平（16.86±4.92）μmol/L，孕早期（16.89±4.83）μmol/L和孕中晚期（16.83±5.01）μmol/L比较（P＞0.05）以及高同型半胱氨酸血症（HHcys）检出率比较（P＞0.05），差异均没有统计学意义。4.孕妇年龄、家庭收入和肉类食物摄入量是Hb水平的影响因素（P＜0.05）；蔬菜、水果和坚果类食物的摄入量为血浆Hcy水平的影响因素（P＜0.05）。5.参与跟踪调查的639名孕早期孕妇分娩的新生儿中未跟踪到出生缺陷的发生。结论：1.年龄、文化程度、职业、经济收入和BMI可能是孕妇健康的影响因素。2.孕妇膳食构成不合理，膳食营养素中磷和维生素E摄入超标；钙、铁、维生素B2、维生素B12不足；碘、维生素D和叶酸摄入缺乏严重；其他营养素基本达标。3.孕早期孕妇血红蛋白水平正常，中晚期水平略偏低，出现轻度贫血；Hcy水平与HHcys检出率偏高。4.年龄偏大、家庭收入较高以及肉类食物摄入量不足可能导致孕妇Hb水平降低；蔬菜、水果和坚果类的食物摄入不足可能会导致血浆Hcy水平的异常升高。
[Abstract]:Objective: to investigate the dietary nutritional status of Uygur pregnant women and the changes of plasma homocysteine (Hcycyine) levels in different pregnancies, and to explore the effects of Hcy on the health status of pregnant women. Methods: in this study, 3397 Uygur pregnant women in affiliated villages of Kashi City were selected by cluster sampling. Among them, 639 pregnant women who volunteered to participate and were reviewed by the Ethics Committee were followed up. 1. The basic information of the subjects was investigated by face-to-face questionnaire. 2. The diet survey was carried out by 24 hours diet review method. Compared with the daily dietary nutrient reference intake (DRIss) in China, the physical examination, hemoglobin (HB) determination and plasma homocysteine (Hcy) determination were compared. 4. The data were analyzed by SPSS17.0 software. Multivariate conditional Logist regression analysis was performed on HB and plasma Hcy levels. 5. the pregnancy outcome was observed in 639 early pregnant women. Results: 1. The basic condition: the age range was 2030 years, the average age was 25.12 卤2.80 years old; The ratio of education level to junior high school is 41.60%; the occupation is mainly farmers, 45.36%; the per capita monthly income is 1000 to 2,000 yuan, up to 33.77%; body mass index (BMI) is light, normal, and overweight accounts for 12.122.78% 25.10.2. Dietary nutrition status: energy, protein, magnesium, potassium, sodium, zinc, selenium, Vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin C, and nicotinic acid account for 127.87% of DRIs, respectively, and they are about 104.2588, 125.63, 97.277.58 and 90.6733, respectively, about 111.54% and 137.35%; phosphorus and vitamin E reach 217.00% and 222.36% of DRIs; calcium, iron, vitamin B2 and vitamin B12 account for 62.3072.290.60% and 60.77% of DRIs, respectively; iodine, iodine, vitamin E and vitamin E account for 217.00% and 222.36% of DRIs; calcium, iron, vitamin B2, vitamin B 2 and vitamin B12 account for 660% and 60.77% of DRIs, respectively. Vitamin D and folic acid only accounted for 48.70% and 20.65.3.The average HB levels in different pregnancies were 110.53 卤11.98g / L, 118.29 卤11.33g / L and 107.08 卤10.77g / L in the first trimester and 107.08 卤10.77g / L in the third trimester of pregnancy respectively (P < 0.05). The average plasma Hcy levels in different pregnancies were 16.86 卤4.92 渭 mol / L, 16.89 卤4.83 渭 mol/L and 16.83 卤5.01 渭 mol/L in the first trimester and 16.83 卤5.01 渭 mol/L in the third trimester of pregnancy (P > 0.05). Household income and meat intake were the influencing factors of HB level (P < 0.05). The intake of fruits and nuts was the influencing factor of plasma Hcy level (P < 0.05). The incidence of birth defects was not tracked in 639 newborns who were given birth in early pregnancy. Conclusion: 1. Age, education, occupation, age, education, occupation, etc. Economic income and BMI may be the influencing factors of maternal health. 2.The dietary composition of pregnant women is unreasonable, the intake of phosphorus and vitamin E in dietary nutrients exceeds the standard, calcium, iron, vitamin B2, vitamin B12 are insufficient, iodine, vitamin D and folic acid intake are serious; The level of hemoglobin of pregnant women in early pregnancy was normal, the level of hemoglobin in middle and late stage was slightly lower, the level of Hcy in mild anemia and the detection rate of HHcys were on the high side, and the detection rate of HHcys was higher than that of pregnant women in the first trimester of pregnancy. High household income and inadequate intake of meat may lead to lower HB levels in pregnant women, while inadequate intake of vegetables, fruits and nuts may lead to an abnormal increase in plasma Hcy levels.
【学位授予单位】：新疆医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R153.1

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