湖南省农村集中式供水卫生现状与介水传染病发病率相关性研究

发布时间：2018-03-21 17:27

本文选题：农村　切入点：集中式供水　出处：《中南大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：[目的]掌握湖南省农村集中式供水水质卫生现状,为湖南省农村十二五规划的实施提供科学依据。探讨农村集中式供水卫生质量与介水传染病发病率之间的相互关系,初步建立二者的定量反应关系。 [方法]按照分层随机的原则在湖南省93个县、市(区)选取2007处农村集中式供水监测点进行基本情况调查,并对监测点枯水期、丰水期的水质进行监测。运用Spearman等级相关和多元线性回归模型研究我省农村集中式供水卫生指标与介水传染病发病率的单因素和多因素定性、定量反应关系。 [结果]监测县农村集中式供水覆盖率为29.50%,有消毒措施的集中式供水覆盖率为13.58%。农村集中式供水监测点水质整体超标率为65.08%,主要超标指标是微生物指标。以深井、水库、江河、湖泊为水源的农村集中式供水水质合格率明显高于其他水源类型(P0.05)。全年监测的枯水期、丰水期的出厂水、末梢水四份水样全部合格的监测点仅占监测总数的17.89%。水质合格率总的趋势是枯水期水质优于丰水期(P0.05)；集中式供水规模愈大,水处理工艺愈完善,水质合格率愈高(P0.05)。我省六种主要介水传染病中的感染性腹泻发病率与农村集中式供水水质总大肠菌群合格率以及有消毒措施的集中式供水覆盖率呈负相关关系(P0.05)；伤寒发病率与水质总体合格率呈负相关关系(P0.05)；细菌性痢疾发病率主要与有消毒措施的集中式供水覆盖率有关(P0.05)。 [结论]湖南省农村集中式供水覆盖率低、水处理工艺普遍不完善、供水水质微生物超标严重,卫生状况亟待改善。根据此次农村集中式供水卫生质量与介水传染病发病率相关性分析结果,改善农村集中式供水卫生状况对降低农村介水传染病发病率有积极的意义。
[Abstract]:[objective] to grasp the present situation of water quality and sanitation of rural centralized water supply in Hunan Province, and to provide scientific basis for the implementation of the 12th Five-Year Plan of Hunan Province. To explore the relationship between the sanitary quality of rural centralized water supply and the incidence of water-borne diseases in rural areas. The quantitative reaction relationship between them was preliminarily established. [methods] according to the principle of stratification and randomness, 2007 rural centralized water supply monitoring sites were selected in 93 counties and cities (districts) of Hunan Province for basic investigation. The Spearman grade correlation and multivariate linear regression model were used to study the single factor and multi-factor qualitative and quantitative response relationship between the hygienic index of centralized water supply and the incidence of water-borne infectious diseases in rural areas of our province. [results] the coverage rate of centralized water supply in rural areas of monitoring county was 29.50, and that of centralized water supply with disinfection measures was 13.58. The overall over-standard rate of water quality of monitoring points of centralized water supply in rural areas was 65.08, and the main exceeding index was microbial index. The qualified rate of water quality of rural centralized water supply with lake as water source is obviously higher than that of other water sources. The total qualified monitoring points of the four water samples of peripheral water only account for 17.89% of the total monitored amount. The general trend of water quality qualification rate is that the water quality in dry season is better than that in high water supply period, and the bigger the scale of centralized water supply is, the more perfect the water treatment process is. The higher the qualified rate of water quality is, the higher the incidence of infectious diarrhea among the six major water-borne infectious diseases in our province is, the negative correlation is found between the incidence of infectious diarrhea and the qualified rate of total coliform bacteria and the coverage rate of centralized water supply with disinfection measures in rural areas. The incidence of typhoid fever was negatively correlated with the overall qualified rate of water quality, and the incidence of bacillary dysentery was mainly related to the coverage of centralized water supply with disinfection measures. [conclusion] the coverage rate of centralized water supply in rural areas of Hunan Province is low, the water treatment process is generally imperfect, and the microorganism of water supply quality exceeds the standard seriously. According to the results of the analysis of the correlation between the hygienic quality of centralized water supply and the incidence of water-borne diseases in rural areas, improving the sanitary condition of centralized water supply in rural areas has positive significance in reducing the incidence of water-borne diseases in rural areas.
【学位授予单位】：中南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R123.1

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