火车司机听力问题现况:瑞典Hasson听力量表的应用

发布时间：2018-03-25 00:33

本文选题：火车司机　切入点：听力量表　出处：《环境与职业医学》2017年11期

【摘要】：[目的]首次将瑞典Hasson听力量表应用于中国火车司机职业人群,探索其适用性,分析该人群听力问题现状及其影响因素。[方法]昆明铁路局机务段昆明、广通、开远3个地区在岗火车司机2 557人参加问卷调查,将其中本岗位工龄3年以上、排除其他原因听力下降和致聋者作为有效研究对象,共计2 045名。应用瑞典Hasson等开发的听力量表和自制问卷进行调查。于2014年7—9月完成调查。人口学资料采用描述性统计,采用logistic回归分析探索听力问题可能的影响因素。[结果]本次研究对象2 045人,均为男性,年龄(39.85±6.79)岁,工龄(18.00±11.00)年,电力机车司机占61.96%。量表测量结果显示,火车司机听力问题率69.6%,听力耗损率45.5%,耳鸣率63.4%,耳鸣困扰率49.7%,持续耳鸣率57.9%。logistic回归分析结果显示:换岗位数、司机工种、教育程度是火车司机听力问题的主要影响因素。不换岗位者、电力机车司机、教育程度越低者更容易有听力问题。量表信度和效度较高,克朗巴赫系数为0.803。[结论]Hasson等开发的听力量表在中国火车司机职业人群首次应用,得到了较高的信度和效度,适用性较好,查找到一些影响因素。本量表简明扼要,易于操作,在听力问题大样本人群普查、初筛时有一定优势。火车司机听力问题不容乐观,应当引起重视。
[Abstract]:[objective] to apply Swedish Hasson hearing scale to train drivers in China for the first time, to explore its applicability, to analyze the present situation of hearing problems and its influencing factors. [methods] Kunming, Guangtong, Kunming, Kunming Railway Bureau, was used for the first time. A total of 2 557 train drivers in 3 districts of Kaiyuan participated in the questionnaire survey, and their working experience was more than 3 years, excluding hearing loss and deafness from other causes as the effective research objects. A total of 2 045 subjects were investigated by using the hearing scale and self-made questionnaire developed by Hasson et al in Sweden. The survey was completed in July-September 2014. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the possible influencing factors of hearing problems. [results] 2045 subjects were male, aged 39.85 卤6.79 years, with working age of 18.00 卤11.00 years, and electric locomotive drivers accounted for 61.96 years. The rate of hearing problems, hearing loss, tinnitus, tinnitus and persistent tinnitus of train drivers were 69.6%, 45.5%, 63.4%, 49.7% and 49.7% respectively. The results of 57.9%.logistic regression analysis showed that the number of jobs changed, the types of work of drivers, Education level is the main influencing factor of train drivers' hearing problems. Those who do not change jobs, electric locomotive drivers, the less educated people are more likely to have hearing problems, the reliability and validity of the scale is higher. The Cronbach coefficient is 0.803.Conclusion the hearing scale developed by Hasson et al has been used for the first time in Chinese train drivers' professional population. It has obtained high reliability and validity, and found some influential factors. The scale is simple and easy to operate. In the general survey of large sample population of hearing problems, there are some advantages in the initial screening. The train drivers' hearing problems are not optimistic and should be paid attention to.
【作者单位】：昆明医科大学公共卫生学院卫生事业管理与卫生经济系;昆明铁路局疾病预防控制中心公共卫生与职业病科;德国杜塞尔多夫大学医学院;云南保山市疾病预防控制中心寄生虫病防治科;昆明医科大学公共卫生学院环境卫生与职业医学系;昆明铁路卫生监督所;
【基金】：云南省科技厅-昆明医科大学应用基础研究联合专项资助(编号:2014FZ001) 昆明市科技计划项目资助(编号:2014-01-A-H-02-2032)
【分类号】：R135.8

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