西部贫困农村地区婴幼儿社会情感现状及其影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-03-25 21:40

  本文选题：贫困　切入点：农村人口　出处：《中国全科医学》2017年12期

【摘要】：背景婴幼儿的社会情感对其健康成长与未来发展至关重要,是不可忽视的一方面。目的调查西部贫困农村地区婴幼儿的社会情感现状,分析影响婴幼儿社会情感的相关因素,以提出有针对性的改善措施。方法2012年6月,以四川省凉山彝族自治州和甘肃省甘南藏族自治州的贫困农村地区为研究现场,采用多阶段随机抽样法,最终抽取9个县26个乡镇78个村的1 328例3~20个月婴幼儿看护人为调查对象。调查问卷由结构式问卷和婴幼儿社会情感量表(ASQ:SE)组成,并进行面对面访谈式调查。结构式问卷包括婴幼儿人口学资料(性别、月龄、民族、家庭子女数、顺产儿或剖宫产儿、早产儿或非早产儿、出生地、家庭低保情况)、近2周内生病情况、家庭房屋价值以及婴幼儿母亲人口学资料(职业、受教育年限、认为最合适的开奶时间、早开奶情况、购买婴幼儿相关图书情况)。记录婴幼儿的社会情感现状,并采用多元线性回归分析婴幼儿社会情感的影响因素。结果共发放调查问卷1 328份,最终完成问卷调查且为回收有效问卷1 302份,回收有效率98.04%。1 302例婴幼儿中男685例(52.61%),女617例(47.39%);3~8个月393例(30.18%),9~14个月493例(37.87%),15~20个月416例(31.95%);近2周内生过病的婴幼儿737例(56.61%),未生过病565例(43.39%);婴幼儿母亲:在家务农或带孩子1 179例(90.55%),在外打工123例(9.45%);受教育年限9年991例(76.11%),≥9年311例(23.89%);认为最合适的开奶时间≤1 h 442例(33.95%),2~12 h 372例(28.57%),13~24 h 74例(5.68%),24 h 414例(31.80%);早开奶445例(34.18%),未早开奶857例(65.82%);购买过婴幼儿相关图书53例(4.07%),未购买过1 249例(95.93%)。3~8、9~14、15~20个月婴幼儿ASQ:SE评分分别为(45.1±26.4)(59.0±30.3)(61.5±34.1)分。3~8、9~14、15~20个月婴幼儿存在社会情感问题的分别为190例(48.35%)、309例(62.68%)、252例(60.58%),即1 302例婴幼儿中共有751例(57.68%)婴幼儿存在社会情感问题。婴幼儿近2周内生病情况(β=7.62,P0.001)、母亲职业(β=-7.80,P=0.038)、母亲受教育年限(β=-6.18,P=0.020)、母亲早开奶情况(β=-5.15,P=0.011)、母亲购买婴幼儿相关图书情况(β=-8.37,P=0.043)是婴幼儿ASQ:SE评分的影响因素。结论西部贫困农村地区婴幼儿社会情感问题的发生率较高,婴幼儿近2周内生病情况、母亲职业、母亲受教育年限、母亲早开奶情况、母亲购买婴幼儿相关图书情况是婴幼儿社会情感问题的影响因素,建议相关医务人员提高对以上因素的注意,积极营造适合婴幼儿成长的社会文化氛围,降低婴幼儿社会情感问题发生的可能性。
[Abstract]:Background the social emotion of infants and young children is very important to their healthy growth and future development, and can not be ignored on the one hand. Objective to investigate the current situation of social emotion of infants and toddlers in the poor rural areas of western China, and to analyze the related factors that affect the social emotion of infants and young children. Methods in June 2012, the poor rural areas in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan Province and the Gansu Southern Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Gansu Province were used as the research site, and the multi-stage random sampling method was used. Finally, 1 328 infants and young children aged from 30 to 20 months were selected from 78 villages and villages in 26 towns in 9 counties. The questionnaire was composed of structured questionnaire and ASQ: SES. The structured questionnaire included demographic data (sex, age, nationality, number of family children, natural or caesarean section, preterm or non-premature, birth place, place of birth). Family minimum living conditions, illness in the last two weeks, family housing value and demographics of infants and mothers (occupation, length of education, the most appropriate time for milk opening, early milking), The social affective status of infants and young children was recorded, and the influencing factors of social emotion of infants were analyzed by multiple linear regression analysis. Results 1 328 questionnaires were distributed. The questionnaire was completed and 1 302 valid questionnaires were collected. The effective rate of recovery was 98.041.1.The effective rate was 98.041.There were 685 males (52.61), 617 females (47.39m), 393 cases (33-8 months) and 393 cases (30.1818g / 493) from 3months to 14 months (493 / 493); 737 (56.61g) infants born in the past 2 weeks (56.61d), 565 (43.3935) unborn; infant mothers: farming or taking care of their children at home. 1 179 cases (90.5555), 123 cases (working abroad) 9.4545; 991 cases (鈮，

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