接受放射性药物诊断与治疗人员对公众影响的防护要求

发布时间：2018-03-25 21:09

本文选题：99mTc　切入点：131I　出处：《南华大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：放射性药物诊断是利用放射性核素或其标记化合物有选择的聚集在特定的脏器、组织或受检病变部位进行显像的检查方法，其结合单光子发射计算机成像技术（SPECT）可以对患者身体特定脏器和病变的血流、功能等进行显像，SPECT显像有助于患者疾病的早期诊断[1]。131I治疗甲亢是根据甲状腺组织的摄碘能力使131I聚集在甲状腺组织，利用131I发射的β射线治疗甲亢。接受放射性药物诊断与治疗的患者体内都存在一定活度的药物，这样诊疗患者就成为了一个潜在的辐射源[2]，患者就对患者的亲属和出院后接触的公众有一定辐射影响。主要研究内容与结果： 1、通过实际测量放射性药物99mTc、131I诊断与治疗的患者体外外照射剂量率，对外照射剂量率的点源模型与线源模型估算方法进行验证，确定一个更适合应用于实际计算的估算模型。经验证，线源模型更贴近实测值。 2、对接触患者周围人群的受照量的研究首先把其分为两类人群研究，即医院的医护人员和与患者接触的公众。对放射工作人员的个人剂量的测量采用个人剂量计测量方法，测量仪器为热释光计量仪，对核医学科12名不同岗位的工作人员从2013年1月至2014年1月的个人剂量当量检测。经监测在受检的12人中，12人个人剂量当量均低于放射工作人员年有效剂量限值，其中有3人高于年剂量当量约束值，但低于年有效剂量限值。医院需根据超出约束值的医护人员具体岗位做出合理的工作安排，，确保其在安全的环境中工作。 3、对公众的有效剂量估算采用Mountford估算方法。经Mountford法估算得出结论，在患者出院后与患者接触的人群中患者同寝配偶受照射量最大，应采取分房就寝的方法，减少照射量。 4、经过对患者体外外照射剂量率与放射工作人员个人剂量的监测和患者出院后公众所受照射量三个方面的研究，确定放射性药物对周围人群的辐射影响。根据以上的分析结合已有的防护方法和现实调研医院的实际防护情况提供出相应的防护方法，从而给医护人员和公众选取何种防护措施以参考标准。
[Abstract]:Radiopharmaceutical diagnosis is the use of radionuclides or their labeled compounds to selectively gather in particular organs, tissues or diseased areas for imaging, Combined with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), it can be used to measure the blood flow of a patient's specific organs and lesions. Functional SPECT imaging is helpful to the early diagnosis of patients with hyperthyroidism [1] .131I. It is based on the ability of iodine uptake of thyroid tissue to gather 131I in thyroid tissue. Patients with hyperthyroidism were treated with 131I-emitting 尾 -rays. Patients diagnosed and treated with radiopharmaceuticals had a certain amount of active drugs in their bodies. In this way, the patient becomes a potential source of radiation, and the patient has a certain radiation effect on the relatives of the patient and the public exposed to it after discharge. The main contents and results are as follows:. 1. The external dose rate, point source model and line source model of the patients diagnosed and treated with radiopharmaceuticals 99mTcC131I were measured, and the results were verified by the methods of point source model and line source model. An estimation model which is more suitable for practical calculation is determined. It is proved that the line source model is closer to the measured value. 2. The study of exposure to people around patients was first divided into two groups: medical staff in hospitals and the public in contact with patients. Personal dosimeters were used to measure the personal doses of radiation workers. The measuring instrument is a thermoluminescence meter, From January 2013 to January 2014, the personal dose equivalent tests were performed on 12 staff members of the nuclear medicine discipline from January 2013 to January 2014. 12 of the 12 people tested were all below the annual effective dose limit of radiation workers. Three of them were above the annual dose equivalent constraint value, but lower than the annual effective dose limit value. The hospital should make reasonable working arrangements according to the specific position of the medical staff who exceeded the constraint value to ensure their work in a safe environment. 3. The Mountford method was used to estimate the effective dose of the public, and the Mountford method was used to estimate that the patient's bedmate was the most exposed among the people who came into contact with the patient after discharge from hospital, so the method of sleeping in separate rooms should be adopted to reduce the amount of exposure. (4) after monitoring the external radiation dose rate of the patients and the personal dose of the radiation workers and the exposure to the public after the patient has been discharged from hospital, To determine the radiation impact of radioactive drugs on the surrounding population. According to the above analysis, combined with the existing protection methods and the actual situation of the investigation hospital, the corresponding protection methods are provided. So that the health care staff and the public to choose what protective measures to reference standards.
【学位授予单位】：南华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：R144

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