山东省农村地区留守儿童与非留守儿童孤独现状比较研究

发布时间：2018-03-30 06:02

本文选题：留守儿童　切入点：孤独　出处：《山东大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：研究背景随着我国社会经济发展,大批农村青壮年劳动力进城务工或经商,由于教育制度、户籍制度、经济能力等限制,将其子女留在户籍所在地,并由此产生了“农村留守儿童”这一特殊群体。与非留守儿童相比,特殊的成长环境使其在生理健康、心理健康及行为等方面存在一定差异。农村留守儿童能否全面健康成长,不仅关系到他们的个人发展,还会影响整个社会和国家的未来发展。研究目的本研究适时关注“农村留守儿童”问题,通过对比分析了解留守儿童与非留守儿童孤独现状及其影响因素,提出对策与建议,为改善农村留守儿童孤独状况提供参考依据。资料与方法本研究采用分层整群随机抽样法,在山东省东、中、西部地区各随机抽取一个县(县级市)：潍坊市高密市、济宁市微山县、德州市陵县。每个县(县级市)各随机抽取一个乡(镇)。根据学校人数不同,每个乡(镇)抽取1-3所小学,并将被抽中小学的全部小学生纳入研究对象。使用自制问卷及儿童孤独量表进行问卷调查。使用Epidata软件进行数据录入,运用SPSS16.0软件包进行数据统计分析。主要结果 1)2047名调查对象中,留守儿童共546名,占总调查儿童的26.7%,比重较高；留守儿童性别比例基本持平；调查儿童年龄介于6～14岁,不同年龄组留守儿童构成差异明显,6-8岁年龄段留守儿童比重最高。2)农村儿童孤独量表平均得分22.78±4.48分,其中留守儿童平均得分23.63±4.68分,非留守儿童平均得分22.47±4.37分,差异具有统计学意义,前者的孤独水平显著高于后者。3)单因素分析显示,影响儿童孤独的单因素有性别、年龄等,男性儿童孤独量表得分高于女性儿童,6、8、9岁年龄段孤独量表得分最高；4)18.9%的被调查儿童存在孤独倾向；其中,留守儿童的孤独倾向检出率为26.7%,非留守儿童的孤独倾向检出率为16.1%,差异具有统计学意义；男、女留守儿童孤独倾向检出率均分别高于非留守男、女儿童,差异均具有统计学意义。5)多因素Logistic回归模型分析结果显示,影响农村儿童孤独的因素主要有年龄段、是否为留守儿童、是否经常被教师罚站、是否经常被教师批评、是否有同学/朋友倾听心事、父亲是否教导道理、父亲是否辅导功课、是否经常受到父亲责骂、母亲是否辅导功课、是否经常受到母亲责骂、父母是否经常冷战。结论与建议 1)农村留守儿童孤独状况较非留守儿童严重,应当引起家庭、学校和社会重视；2)家长和教师应当对儿童采取恰当的教育方式,多加关心、沟通和教导,避免过于严厉、过度责罚。父母应当营造和睦的家庭氛围,避免在,儿童面前发生过于频繁的争执或矛盾；3)留守儿童比非留守儿童更缺乏父母关爱,且更易受到来自教师的批评和惩罚,家长、教师和社会应多加关爱和引导,帮助其提高心理健康水平、克服孤独问题。
[Abstract]:Research backgroundWith the social and economic development of our country, a large number of young and middle-aged rural labors went to cities to work or do business. Because of the restrictions of the education system, the household registration system, the economic ability, and so on, they left their children in the place where they were registered.And thus produced the "rural children left behind" this special group.Compared with the non-left-behind children, there are some differences in their physical health, mental health and behavior due to their special growing environment.Whether the rural left-behind children can grow up in a healthy way is not only related to their personal development, but also to the future development of the whole society and the country.Research purposeThis study pays close attention to the problem of "rural left-behind children" at the right time. Through the comparative analysis of the loneliness of left-behind children and non-left-behind children and its influencing factors, the countermeasures and suggestions are put forward to provide a reference for improving the loneliness of left-behind children in rural areas.Data and methodsIn this study, stratified cluster random sampling method was used to randomly select one county in east, middle and west of Shandong Province (county level: Gaomi City, Weifang City, Weishan County in Jining City, Ling County in Dezhou City).Each county (county level city) randomly selected a township (town).According to the number of schools, 1-3 primary schools were selected from each township (town), and all the primary and middle school students were included in the study.A self-made questionnaire and a children's loneliness scale were used.Epidata software is used for data input and SPSS16.0 software package is used for data statistic analysis.Main results(1) of the 2047 children surveyed, 546 were left-behind children, accounting for 26.7 percent of the total children surveyed, while the sex ratio of the left-behind children was basically the same, and the age of the children surveyed was between 6 and 14 years old.There were significant differences in the composition of left-behind children in different age groups. The proportion of left-behind children aged 6-8 years was the highest. 2) the average score of rural children's loneliness scale was 22.78 卤4.48, in which the average score of left-behind children was 23.63 卤4.68, and the average score of non-left-behind children was 22.47 卤4.37.The difference was statistically significant. The loneliness level of the former was significantly higher than that of the latter. 3) the univariate analysis showed that the single factors influencing children's loneliness were gender, age and so on.The scores of male children with loneliness scale were higher than that of female children aged from 6 to 8 years old. The highest score of the scale was 418.9%.The detection rate of loneliness tendency of left-behind children was 26.7cm, and that of non-left-behind children was 16.1.The difference was statistically significant, and the rate of loneliness tendency of boys and women left-behind children was higher than that of non-left-behind boys and girls, respectively, while that of non-left-behind children was significantly higher than that of non-left-behind children.The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the main factors influencing the loneliness of rural children were age, whether they were left-behind children, whether they were often punished by teachers, whether they were often criticized by teachers.Is there a classmate / friend who listens to what's on his mind, whether his father teaches truth, whether his father instructs his lessons, whether he is often scolded by his father, whether he is often scolded by her mother, whether she is often scolded by his mother, and whether his parents often have a cold war.Conclusions and recommendations1) the isolated situation of rural left-behind children is more serious than that of non-left-behind children, which should arouse the attention of families, schools and society. Parents and teachers should take appropriate educational methods, pay more attention, communicate and teach their children so as to avoid being too strict.Excessive chastisement.Parents should create a harmonious family atmosphere and avoid too frequent disputes or conflicts in front of children.) left-behind children lack parental care and are more vulnerable to criticism and punishment from teachers than non-left-behind children.Teachers and society should pay more attention and guidance to help them improve their mental health and overcome the problem of loneliness.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R179

【参考文献】