云南省元谋县农药使用状况及其健康问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-30 22:04

本文选题：农药　切入点：农药使用现状　出处：《昆明医科大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：研究背景随着世界各国农业的飞速发展,农药在农业中扮演着越来越重要的角色。我国农药市场农药种类繁多,农药广泛应用于农业生产,农药的使用量逐年增加,农药的使用在减少病虫害、保障农业生产,增加农民收入的同时,也带来了若干健康问题,包括在喷洒农药的过程中农民缺乏安全防护意识、蔬菜水果及环境中农药残留问题、引起急慢性中毒和由于农药残留所致的食品安全问题,这些问题对人体健康构成了严重威胁。因此,安全合理地使用农药,减少农药对环境的污染,减少农产品中的农药残留是一项十分重要的公共卫生问题。它不仅直接关系着人们的身体健康和生命安全,而且还严重影响着经济和社会的稳定发展。目前我国对农药使用状况及其健康问题的大部分研究主要针对有机氯、有机磷等传统农药进行蔬菜瓜果残留的检测、环境的监测、以及对发生急性中毒的人群进行生化检验和流行病学调查,对氨基甲酸酯、拟除虫菊酯类等新型农药的健康影响研究甚少。本研究依托于国际山地综合发展中心课题《喜马拉雅东部地区土地利用变迁和人类健康的生态系统方法研究》,通过在云南省元谋县开展农药使用状况和相应健康问题的调查,在一定程度上填补了国内这一方面研究的不足,对提高农民安全施用低毒低残留农药,加强食品安全和环境保护有着十分重要的意义。研究目的本研究旨在通过深入调查元谋县农村当前使用农药的状况及其相关的健康问题,为元谋县有关部门加强对农药的监管,提高元谋县农民安全使用农药的意识和行为,进一步减少农药对身体和环境的危害,为促进元谋县农村居民的健康发展提供科学依据。研究方法本研究中采用的方法包括文献和有关农药的政策法规的收集和分析；对农户、医务人员、农药销售商的个人深入访谈;在公卓和怕郎两个村采用图像话语技术(photo voice technique),邀请并培训16户农户使用相机和表格记录种植一季番茄使用农药的情况；收集农户使用的农药包装袋(瓶)并整理分析；对这16户农户的督导和农药使用情况的补充调查；对收集到的照片的整理分析等。研究结果研究发现,自2001年元谋县被评为“全国无公害蔬菜生产基地”以来,元谋县各届县政府对农药的销售、使用的监管都高度重视,但农药滥用问题却依然存在。主要表现在以下五个方面：对禁用高毒农药销售监管不严格；高毒农药及其相关政策法规的宣传效果不明显；新一代农药对人体健康的危害仍然存在；病虫害综合防治(integrated Pest Management,IPM)培训对改善农户不合理使用农药的行为效果不明显；农户使用多种农药,农药的喷洒次数过于频繁；尽管存在着如此多样的问题,元谋县政府以及相关农业部门现行开展的关于农药的宣传教育活动并不能从根本上解决这些问题,因此如何提高农民合理、安全的使用农药的行为,减少对于人群健康的影响与对农村环境的污染是当前面临的一个重大挑战。建议元谋县政府和相关农业部门应该继续加强对高毒农药销售、使用的监督管理,采取多种多样的方式宣传农药对健康和环境的影响及相关政策法规,加大力度宣传新一代农药对身体健康的影响,加强对农户安全使用农药的培训及改善IPM培训的内容,改变农民使用农约时不采取安全防护措施的行为。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the world ' s agriculture , the research background plays a more and more important role in agriculture .

The purpose of this study is to investigate the current situation of pesticide in Yuanmou County and its related health problems , strengthen the supervision of pesticide in the relevant departments of Yuanmou County , improve the awareness and behavior of farmers ' safe use of pesticides in Yuanmou County , further reduce the harm of pesticide to body and environment , and provide scientific basis for promoting the healthy development of rural residents in Yuanmou County .

The methods used in this study include collection and analysis of literature and policy regulations on pesticides ;
Personal in - depth interviews with farmers , medical personnel and pesticide vendors ; photo voice technique was adopted in both villages of Gongzhuo and fear Lang , and 16 households were invited and trained to use cameras and forms to record the use of pesticides in the first season .
collecting pesticide packaging bags ( bottles ) used by farmers and sorting and analyzing ;
Supplementary investigation on the supervision of the 16 households and the use of pesticides ;
a collation analysis of the collected photographs , etc .

The results of the study found that since Yuanmou County was rated as " National Pollution - free Vegetable Production Base " in 2001 , the government of Yuanmou County has attached great importance to the regulation of the sale and use of pesticides , but the problem of pesticide abuse still exists .
The propaganda effect of high - toxic pesticides and their related policies and regulations is not obvious ;
The harm of new generation of pesticide to human health still exists ;
Integrated Pest Management ( IPM ) training has no obvious effect on improving farmers ' unreasonable use of pesticides ;
Multiple pesticides are used for farmers , and the spraying times of pesticides are too frequent ;
Despite this diversity of issues , the ongoing activities of the Government of the Yuanmou County and the relevant agricultural sector on pesticide publicity and education cannot fundamentally solve these problems , so how to improve farmers ' rational and safe use of pesticides , reduce the impact on the health of the population and the pollution to the rural environment are a major challenge currently facing .

It is suggested that the government and relevant agricultural departments of Yuanmou County should continue to strengthen the supervision and administration of the sale and use of high - toxic pesticides , publicize the effects of pesticides on health and environment and relevant policies and regulations in various ways , increase efforts to promote the impact of new generation of pesticides on health , strengthen the training of farmers ' safe use of pesticides and improve the content of IPM training , and change the behaviors of farmers who do not adopt safety protection measures when using the farmers .

【学位授予单位】：昆明医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R139

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