北京市四季青学区二～五年级小学生膳食营养状况

发布时间：2018-04-02 04:41

本文选题：膳食　切入点：营养状况　出处：《中国学校卫生》2015年01期

【摘要】：目的了解北京市四季青学区小学生的膳食营养状况,为指导学生养成科学的膳食行为提供参考。方法选择北京市海淀区四季青学区8所小学7~13岁的二~五年级1 436名学生为研究对象,进行3 d的24 h回顾性膳食问卷调查。结果 11~13岁组男、女生平均每日能量摄入量分别占推荐值的87.6%和88.8%,女生平均每日蛋白质摄入量占推荐值的87.2%;其余各年龄组男、女生平均每日能量和蛋白质摄入量基本达到推荐值水平。膳食能量来源中,碳水化合物供能比例为40.8%,低于参考范围下限;而脂肪供能比例为45.6%,高于参考范围上限。各年龄组营养素平均每日摄入量除了铁、维生素E达到推荐值外,钙、锌、维生素A、维生素C平均每日摄入量均小于推荐值,分别占推荐值的38.8%~61.3%,67.6%~90.0%,51.1%~92.5%,10.2%~18.5%。一日三餐早餐、午餐、晚餐的供能比例分别为26.2%,34.8%,29.8%,基本合理。结论北京市四季青学区小学生膳食结构不合理,营养素摄入不均衡。建议学校加强对学生的相关营养教育,保证学校营养午餐的质量,并加强与家长联系,改善学生在家中膳食营养。
[Abstract]:Objective to understand the dietary nutrition status of primary school students in Sijiqing school district, Beijing, and to provide reference for guiding students to develop scientific dietary behavior.Methods A total of 1 436 students aged 2 ~ 13 years from 7 to 13 years old from 8 primary schools in Sijiqing school district of Haidian District, Beijing, were selected as subjects. A 24 h retrospective dietary questionnaire survey was conducted for 3 days.Results the average daily energy intake of girls was 87.6% and 88.8% of the recommended values, while the average daily protein intake of girls accounted for 87.2% of the recommended values, while that of the other age groups was 87.2%.The average daily energy and protein intake of female students reached the recommended level.In the dietary energy sources, the carbohydrate energy supply ratio is 40.8, which is lower than the lower limit of the reference range, while the fat energy supply ratio is 45.6, which is higher than the upper limit of the reference range.In addition to iron and vitamin E, the average daily intake of calcium, zinc, vitamin A and vitamin C was lower than the recommended value, and the average daily intake of calcium, zinc, vitamin A and vitamin C was lower than the recommended value.The ratio of energy supply for breakfast, lunch and dinner is 26.2and 34.8and 29.80.It is basically reasonable.Conclusion the dietary structure of primary school students in Sijiqing school district of Beijing is unreasonable and the nutrient intake is not balanced.It is suggested that the school should strengthen the nutrition education for the students, guarantee the quality of the school nutrition lunch, strengthen the contact with the parents, and improve the students' dietary nutrition at home.
【作者单位】：北京大学公共卫生学院/儿童青少年卫生研究所;昆士兰大学公共卫生学院;
【基金】：科技部“十一五”国家科技支撑计划重点项目(2008BAI58B) 中华医学基金(CMB)项目(11-064)
【分类号】：R153.2

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