中国成年居民2000—2015年膳食钠、钾摄入量变化趋势分析

发布时间：2018-04-05 06:09

本文选题：中国居民　切入点：膳食钠　出处：《中国公共卫生》2017年08期

【摘要】：目的分析2000—2015年中国成年居民膳食钠、钾的摄入量变化趋势,为慢性病防控策略和措施的制定提供科学依据。方法通过检索Pubmed、中国知网(CNKI)、维普和万方等数据库,收集2000—2015年公开发表的有全国或地区代表性的钠、钾摄入量的相关人群研究,按照地区、性别和时间等进行分层并估计我国居民膳食钠、钾摄入量。结果本文最终纳入57篇符合要求的文献(n=132 296),其中52篇(n=124 301)采用膳食调查法,5篇(n=7 995)采用24 h尿液估计法。分析结果表明,中国成年居民膳食钠的摄入量,在地区、性别、民族和时间分布方面差异有明显统计学意义;地区差异逐渐变小,但近5年仍表现为北方摄入量(5 692.0 mg)高于南方(5 581.0 mg),西部(5 875.4 mg)高于中部(4 308.4 mg)和东部(5 727.3 mg),农村(5 978.5 mg)高于城市(5 253.6 mg);性别差异更加明显,男性(6 657.5 mg)明显高于女性(5 383.8 mg);某些少数民族如藏族(5 835.1 mg)、哈萨克族(4 901.3 mg)高于汉族(4 439.0 mg)。关于钾的摄入量,地区和时间差异无统计学意义。2000—2010年中国居民膳食钠的摄入呈下降趋势,但近5年略有增加;而钾的摄入量的变化则较小,处于偏低水平。2011—2015期间,通过24 h尿液估计的我国居民膳食钠的摄入量为5 403.5 mg(相当于13.51 g盐);通过膳食回顾法获得的膳食钠、钾的摄入量分别为5 650.9 mg(相当于14.13 g盐)和1 827.9 mg。结论目前中国成年居民膳食钠摄入量仍然较高,是WHO推荐摄入量(5 g/d)的2.5倍多。而且钾的摄入量偏低,仅达到WHO推荐摄入量(3 510 mg)的1/2左右。国家应制定中长期的限盐策略(如推广盐勺、低钠盐等),鼓励居民增加蔬菜和水果摄入,从而降低我国慢性病尤其心血管疾病的发病风险。
[Abstract]:Objective to analyze the trend of dietary sodium and potassium intake in Chinese adults from 2000 to 2015, and to provide scientific basis for the formulation of strategies and measures for the prevention and control of chronic diseases.Methods by searching the databases of Pubmed, CNKI, Weip and Wanfang from 2000 to 2015, we collected the national or regional representative population studies on the intake of sodium and potassium.Gender and time were stratified and dietary sodium and potassium intake were estimated.Results A total of 57 articles were included in this study, including 52 articles (124301) and 5 articles (7995). The 24 h urine estimation method was used.The results showed that there were significant differences in dietary sodium intake among Chinese adult residents in terms of region, sex, nationality and time distribution.However, in the past 5 years, the intake of 5 692.0 mg / g in the north was higher than 5 581.0 mg / g in the south, 5 875.4 mg / g in the west was higher than that in the central part (4 308.4 mg / g) and 5 727.3 mg / g in the eastern part and 5 978.5 mg / g in the rural area).In males, 6 657.5 mg) was significantly higher than that in females (5 383.8 mg / g), and in some minority nationalities, such as 5 835.1 mg / g of Tibetan and 4 901.3 mg / g of Kazakh, it was significantly higher than that of Han nationality (4 439.0 mg / g).With regard to potassium intake, there was no significant difference between regions and time. The dietary sodium intake of Chinese residents showed a downward trend from 2000 to 2010, but increased slightly in the past five years, while the change of potassium intake was relatively small, at a lower level during the period 2011-2015.The intake of dietary sodium by 24 h urine was 5 403.5 mg (equivalent to 13.51 g salt), and the intake of potassium was 5 650.9 mg (equivalent to 14.13 g salt) and 1 827.9 mg of potassium, respectively.Conclusion the dietary sodium intake of adult residents in China is still high, 2.5 times higher than that recommended by WHO (5 g / d).And the potassium intake is low, only about 1 / 2 of the recommended intake of WHO (3 510mg).In order to reduce the risk of chronic diseases, especially cardiovascular diseases, the state should formulate medium and long-term salt limiting strategies (such as promoting salt spoon, low sodium salt and so on) to encourage residents to increase their intake of vegetables and fruits.
【作者单位】：山东大学公共卫生学院流行病学系;
【基金】：国家自然科学青年基金(81302494)
【分类号】：R151.42

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