汽车装配作业工人肌肉骨骼损伤与工效学负荷水平的相关性

发布时间：2018-04-10 03:22

本文选题：肌肉骨骼损伤　切入点：职业性　出处：《环境与职业医学》2015年05期

【摘要】：[目的]评估汽车装配作业工人工效学负荷,探讨其与肌肉骨骼损伤之间的相关性。[方法]采用横断面与回顾性调查相结合的方法,选择工作相关肌肉骨骼损伤快速暴露检查表(QEC)和北欧Nordic肌肉骨骼问卷,对某汽车制造企业1 502名男性装配作业工人的工效学负荷与肌肉骨骼损伤发生情况进行调查与分析,应用多因素logistic回归分析方法探讨二者间的相关性。[结果]回收有效问卷1 465份,研究对象颈部、肩膀、手腕部和下背/腰部肌肉骨骼损伤阳性发生率依次为6.28%(92人)、4.98%(73人)、6.48%(95人)、9.69%(142人),肌肉骨骼损伤阳性者4个部位的QEC分值均高于阴性者(P0.05)。肌肉骨骼损伤的现患率与工效学负荷水平存在量效关系(OR1),且随着工效学负荷水平的增大而增高(P趋势0.01)。多因素logistic回归分析发现身高和吸烟为颈、肩部肌肉骨骼损伤的影响因素。[结论]工效学负荷与肌肉骨骼损伤存在相关性,身高和吸烟是颈、肩部肌肉骨骼损伤的相关危险因素。
[Abstract]:Objective: to evaluate the ergonomic load of automobile assembly workers and to explore the correlation between ergonomic load and musculoskeletal injury.[methods] A cross-sectional and retrospective survey was used to select the work-related musculoskeletal injury rapid exposure checklist (QECs) and the Nordic Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire.The ergonomics load and musculoskeletal injury of 1 502 male assembly workers in an automobile manufacturing enterprise were investigated and analyzed, and the correlation between them was studied by multivariate logistic regression analysis.[results] A total of 1 465 valid questionnaires were collected.The positive rate of musculoskeletal injury in wrist and lower back / waist was 6.28 / 92 / 4.98 respectively. The QEC scores of the 4 parts of the patients with positive musculoskeletal injury were higher than that of the negative ones (P 0.05).There was a dose-effect relationship between the prevalence rate of musculoskeletal injury and ergonomic load level, and the tendency of P increased with the increase of ergonomic load level.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that height and smoking were the influencing factors of musculoskeletal injury in neck and shoulder.Conclusion: ergonomic load is associated with musculoskeletal injury. Height and smoking are risk factors of musculoskeletal injury in neck and shoulder.
【作者单位】：中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所;北京市化工职业病防治院;辽宁省职业病防治院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金资助项目(编号:81172643)
【分类号】：R135

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