甘肃省天水市餐饮及住宿场所控制吸烟现况研究

发布时间：2018-04-14 02:22

本文选题：控烟 + 二手烟暴露　；参考：《兰州大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的：通过对甘肃省天水市餐饮、住宿类公共场所开展吸烟状况、禁烟标志设置及禁烟管理宣传情况和经营业主、服务人员及顾客对禁烟认知、态度和行为、禁烟劝阻用语使用等现状调查,为研究建立室内公共场所禁止吸烟的卫生监督管理工作模式提供可靠的数据依据,有效推进室内公共场所禁止吸烟工作的深入开展。方法：研究采用现场观察、问卷调查和访谈三种方法,通过分层随机抽样,从甘肃省天水市的餐饮场所、住宿场所中抽取100家餐饮场所和100家住宿场所进行现场观察,并分别对两场所内的5名经营业主和5名服务人员进行访谈,对两场所内的100位工作人员和110位消费顾客进行拦截问卷调查。结果： (1)餐饮场所研究结果现场观察发现,16%餐饮场所全面禁烟,59%的场所内张贴禁烟警语或标识；8%的场所设有室外吸烟区；7%的场所设置有关吸烟危害健康的宣传；69%的场所销售卷烟,75%的场所内摆放烟具,67%的场所存在烟蒂,87%的场所在观察期间有吸烟现象,其中发现有劝阻行为的仅占5.75%。问卷调查结果显示,69%的工作人员完全不知晓卫生部《公共场所卫生管理条例实施细则》第十八条的禁烟规定,25%的工作人员接受过本单位的控烟培训；82%的工作人员赞同餐饮场所全面禁烟；被调查者无一人认为场所禁烟会提高营业收入,且性别、年龄、受教育程度、自身吸烟状况、场所信誉等级认知上的差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。 88.18%的顾客认为二手烟能导致严重疾病,82.73%的就餐顾客有过暴露于二手烟的经历,89.47%的吸烟顾客表示被他人劝阻会立即停止吸烟；在主动劝阻他人吸烟行为的调查发现,女性的劝阻率高于男性(P0.05),非吸烟者劝阻率高于吸烟者(P0.05)；不同性别、年龄和吸烟状况的顾客在就餐场所意向选择上存在差异(P0.05)；80.91%的顾客对餐饮场所全面禁烟表示支持,62.73%的顾客从未听说过《公共场所卫生管理条例实施细则》第十八条的禁烟规定,非吸烟者对该《细则》的认知度高于吸烟者(P0.05),且性别、年龄、受教育程度对其认知上的差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。访谈结果显示,40%的服务人员表示在过去的七天内,有暴露于二手烟的经历。40%的服务人员了解二手烟危害,但是对二手烟导致的具体脏器器官损害不了解。服务人员表示不劝阻吸烟现象的原因是担心引起顾客的不快。多数业主愿意创建无烟餐饮场所,但担心禁烟会降低营业收入。 (2)住宿场所研究结果现场观察发现,26.00%的场所全面禁烟,94.00%的场所内张贴禁烟警语或标识；4.00%的场所设有室外吸烟区；13.00%的场所设置有关吸烟危害健康的宣传；13.00%的场所销售卷烟,97%的场所内摆放烟具,58.00%的场所存在烟蒂,56.00%的场所在观察期间有吸烟现象,其中发现有劝阻行为的仅占8.93%。问卷调查结果显示,64%的工作人员完全不知晓卫生部《公共场所卫生管理条例实施细则》第十八条的禁烟规定,84%的工作人员赞同住宿场所完全禁烟,40%的工作人员接受过本单位的控烟培训；被调查者无一人认为场所禁烟会提高营业收入,且性别、年龄、受教育程度、自身吸烟状况、场所信誉等级在认知上的差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。 88.18%的顾客认为二手烟能导致严重疾病,94.55%的顾客有过暴露于二手烟的经历,90.70%的吸烟顾客表示被劝阻会立即停止吸烟；在主动劝阻他人吸烟行为的调查发现,女性的劝阻率高于男性(P0.05),非吸烟者劝阻率高于吸烟者(P0.05)；不同性别和吸烟状况的顾客在住宿场所意向选择上存在差异(P0.05)；83.64%的顾客对住宿场所全面禁烟表示支持,55.45%的顾客从未听说过《公共场所卫生管理条例实施细则》第十八条的禁烟规定,且性别、年龄、受教育程度、自身吸烟状况对其认知上的差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。访谈结果显示,80%的场所服务人员表示在过去的七天内,有暴露于二手烟的经历。80%的服务人员了解二手烟危害,并且知晓二手烟会导致呼吸系统疾病和肺部疾病；服务人员表示不劝阻吸烟现象的原因是担心引起顾客的不快；多数业主愿意创建无烟住宿场所,但担心禁烟会降低营业收入。结论： ,(1)餐饮、住宿业场所普遍缺乏有效的控烟措施,全面禁烟的比例较低； (2)针对餐饮、住宿业工作人员开展的控烟知识培训覆盖率较小； (3)餐饮、住宿业场所自行规定的禁烟政策不能解决二手烟暴露问题； (4)公众对餐饮、住宿类场所全面禁烟存在误解； (5)餐饮、住宿业场所公众对二手烟具体危害认知度较低,顾客、服务人员拒绝二手烟的社会风气没有形成； (6)餐饮、住宿业场所全面禁烟符合大多数顾客的意愿和需求。
[Abstract]:Objective:
Through to the Gansu province Tianshui catering, accommodation in public places to carry out smoking status, smoking and non-smoking signs set management and publicity business owners, service personnel and customers for smoking cognition, attitude and behavior survey of smoking to discourage usage so as to provide reliable data for the study of establishment of indoor smoking bans in public places health supervision and management the work mode, effectively promote the indoor smoking bans in public places to carry out.
Method:
By field observation, questionnaires and interviews with three methods, by stratified random sampling from Gansu Province, Tianshui dining, accommodation in selected 100 catering establishments and 100 hotels were observed, and were on the two in 5 business owners and 5 staff members were interviewed, 100 the staff of the two in and 110 customers to intercept survey.
Result:
(1) research results of food and beverage places
We observed 16% dining spaces non-smoking places in 59%, put up non-smoking places or warning signs; 8% is provided with an outdoor smoking area; 7% of the locations of the health hazards of smoking propaganda; 69% places selling cigarettes, 75% sites placed in the presence of 67% smoking, cigarette butts, 87% places the phenomenon of smoking during the observation period, which found to discourage behavior accounted for only 5.75%.
Survey results show that 69% of staff are completely unaware of the Ministry of health regulations "public health management rules for the implementation of article eighteenth of the smoking ban, 25% staff received the tobacco control units training; 82% of the staff agree with dining places smoke-free; respondents who think that no smoking will increase business income, and gender, age, level of education, their smoking status, there was no significant difference on the cognitive place credit rating (P0.05).
88.18% of the customers that secondhand smoke can cause serious diseases, 82.73% dining customers have been exposed to secondhand smoke, 89.47% of customers said by others would discourage smoking immediately stop smoking; others found in the survey initiative to discourage smoking behavior, the rate is higher than the male female dissuade (P0.05), non smokers discourage rate higher than smokers (P0.05); different gender, different age and smoking status of the customers in the dining venues intention selection (P0.05); 80.91% of the customers expressed support for the dining place a total ban on smoking, 62.73% of consumers have never heard of the eighteenth rules for the implementation of the smoking bans said public health management Ordinance ", the" rules of recognition non smokers than in smokers (P0.05), and the gender, age, level of education had no significant differences on the cognition of the (P0.05).
The interview results showed that 40% of the staff said that in the past seven days, are exposed to secondhand smoke through.40% service personnel to understand the dangers of secondhand smoke, but the specific organs damage lead to second-hand smoke do not understand. Service staff said not to discourage smoking phenomenon is caused by fear of unhappy customers. The majority of owners to create smoke-free restaurants, but worried that smoking will reduce operating income.
(2) research results of accommodation
We observed 26% places smoke-free, 94% places in the post no smoking places or warning signs; the 4% is provided with an outdoor smoking area; 13% of the locations of the health hazards of smoking propaganda; 13% places selling cigarettes, 97% sites placed in the presence of 58% smoking, cigarette butts, 56% places the phenomenon of smoking during the observation period, which found to discourage behavior accounted for only 8.93%.
Survey results show that 64% of staff are completely unaware of the Ministry of health regulations "public health management rules for the implementation of article eighteenth of the smoking ban, 84% staff with accommodation completely smoke-free, 40% of the staff received the tobacco control training unit; no respondents who think that smoking will increase sales income, and gender, age, level of education, their smoking status, there was no significant difference in cognition of credit rating sites (P0.05).
88.18% of the customers that secondhand smoke can cause serious diseases, 94.55% of customers have been exposed to secondhand smoke, 90.70% of customers said smoking is discouraged will immediately stop smoking; found in the survey initiative to discourage others from smoking, women discourage rate is higher than male (P0.05), non smokers was higher than smokers (P0.05) discouraged there are differences; different gender and smoking status in the customer accommodation choice intention (P0.05); 83.64% of the customers expressed support for accommodation non-smoking, 55.45% of consumers have never heard of article eighteenth of the rules for the implementation of the smoking ban, "said the public health management and gender, age, level of education, their smoking status no statistically significant differences on the cognition on (P0.05).
The interview results showed that 80% of the ground service personnel said that in the past seven days, are exposed to secondhand smoke through.80% service personnel to understand and know the dangers of secondhand smoke, secondhand smoke causes respiratory diseases and lung diseases; service personnel said not to discourage smoking phenomenon is caused by fear of unhappy customers most; the owners are willing to create smoke-free accommodation, but worried that smoking will reduce operating income.
Conclusion:
(1) there is a general lack of effective measures for tobacco control in restaurants, and the proportion of total smoking ban is low.
(2) in view of catering, the coverage rate of tobacco control knowledge training carried out by the staff of the accommodation industry is small.
(3) the problem of exposure of second-hand smoke can not be solved by the policy of self-contained prohibition of smoking in the accommodation industry.
(4) public misunderstanding of the overall smoking ban in restaurants and lodging places;
(5) the public awareness of the specific hazards of secondhand smoke is low in catering and accommodation, and the social atmosphere of refusing second-hand smoke by the service staff has not been formed.
(6) catering, the overall ban on smoking in the accommodation industry is in line with the wishes and needs of most customers.

【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：R163

【参考文献】