昌吉州回、哈、维、汉四民族孕妇膳食营养状况调查

发布时间：2018-04-15 00:36

本文选题：民族 + 孕妇　；参考：《新疆医科大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的：了解昌吉州回、哈、维、汉四个民族孕妇的膳食营养现况,建立各民族孕妇膳食模式,同时对其膳食结构进行对比分析,提出合理对策,指导妇幼保健。方法：采用分层整群抽样的方法随机抽取昌吉州一市两县中晚期孕妇1508名。1.面对面问卷询问的方式对调查对象进行基本情况调查。2.24小时膳食回顾法进行膳食调查,计算出调查对象每日食物和营养素的摄入量,并将结果与我国每日膳食营养素参考摄入量(DRIs)进行比较分析。3用SPSS17.0统计软件对数据进行统计学分析。结果：1.基本情况：1508名孕妇符合研究条件,其中回族437名(占28.98%),哈萨克族312名(占20.68%),维吾尔族187名(占12.40%),汉族512名(占37.94%)：年龄范围为20-35岁,平均年龄为(25.12±2.80)岁,25-29岁占构成比最多；文化程度以初中占构成比最多；家庭人均月收入以1000～2000元最多；体质指数(BMI)18.5-24正常值范围占构成比最多；比较回、哈、维、汉孕妇基本情况(年龄、居住地、文化程度、家庭人均月收入、孕前BMI构成),差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。2.膳食营养状况：各民族孕妇膳食构成不合理且四个民族间存在差异(P0.05)；三大产热营养素摄入基本合理且四个民族间存在差异(P0.05)；各民族孕妇膳食营养素中铜、钠、磷、维生素E、烟酸摄入超标；膳食纤维、钙摄入量不足；碘、维生素D、维生素B6、叶酸摄入严重缺乏；其他营养素基本达标。除碳水化合物、硫胺素外其他营养素平均摄入量在四个民族孕妇间均存在差异(P0.05)；各民族孕妇蛋白质来源以植物性蛋白为主,且动物性蛋白、植物性蛋白在四个民族孕妇间均存在差异(P0.05)；各民族孕妇膳食铁来源以植物性为主,且动物性膳食铁、植物性膳食铁在四个民族孕妇间均存在差异(P0.05)。结论：不同民族孕妇有各自的饮食特性,差异显著。应根据孕妇不同的饮食特性进行针对性的膳食营养指导,改善孕妇营养膳食,促进孕妇及胎儿健康。
[Abstract]:Objective: to understand the present status of dietary nutrition of pregnant women from Hui, Kazak, Wei and Han nationalities in Changji Prefecture, and to establish the dietary pattern of pregnant women from different nationalities, at the same time, to compare and analyze the dietary structure of pregnant women, and to put forward reasonable countermeasures to guide maternal and child health care.Methods: 1508 pregnant women were randomly selected by stratified cluster sampling.The method of face-to-face questionnaire was used to investigate the basic situation of the subjects. 2.24 hours diet review method was used to investigate the diet, and the daily intake of food and nutrients was calculated.The results were compared with the daily dietary nutrient reference intake (DRI) in China. 3. The data were statistically analyzed by SPSS17.0 software.The result is 1: 1.The basic condition: 1508 pregnant women were eligible for the study, of which 437 were Hui (28.98%), 312 Kazakh (20.68%), 187 Uygur (12.40%), 512 Han (37.9444): the age range was 20-35 years, and the average age was 25.12 卤2.80 years (25-29 years).The proportion of educational level in junior middle school is the most; the average monthly income of families is 1000 to 2,000 yuan; the body mass index (BMI) is the highest in the range of 18.5-24. The basic conditions of pregnant women (age, residence, education level) are compared.The average monthly income of family and BMI before pregnancy were significantly different (P < 0.05).Dietary nutrition status: the dietary composition of pregnant women of different nationalities is unreasonable and there are differences among the four ethnic groups (P0.05), the intake of three major thermal nutrients is basically reasonable and the differences exist among the four ethnic groups (P0.05), the dietary nutrients of pregnant women of all nationalities are copper, sodium and phosphorus,Vitamin E, nicotinic acid intake exceeded standard; dietary fiber, calcium intake was insufficient; iodine, vitamin D, vitamin B6, folic acid intake was seriously deficient; other nutrients were basically up to standard.The average intake of other nutrients except carbohydrate and thiamine was different among pregnant women of four nationalities (P 0.05). The protein source of pregnant women of different nationalities was mainly from plant protein and animal protein.The difference of phytoprotein among pregnant women of four nationalities was P0.05.The dietary iron sources of pregnant women of all nationalities were mainly vegetative, and the difference of dietary iron from animal and phytodietary iron was significant among the pregnant women of four nationalities (P 0.05).Conclusion: pregnant women of different nationalities have their own dietary characteristics and the differences are significant.In order to improve the nutritional diet of pregnant women and promote the health of pregnant women and fetuses, different dietary guidance should be carried out according to the different dietary characteristics of pregnant women.
【学位授予单位】：新疆医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：R173

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