上海市居民家庭厨房卫生状况调查研究

发布时间：2018-04-20 23:08

本文选题：家庭厨房 + 卫生状况　；参考：《复旦大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：[目的]掌握上海市居民家庭厨房卫生状况,了解居民相关饮食卫生习惯,分析两者对于居民健康的影响,为改善家庭厨房卫生状况提供基础数据。 [方法]采用横断面调查的方法,2009年根据分层随机抽样的方法在上海地区全市各区(县)中随机选取5个郊县(及城乡结合部)及5个市区,共1000户为调查对象,采用调查员观察法评价厨房卫生状况；采用入户问卷调查方法收集厨房清洁、居民卫生习惯、居民自述腹泻发生情况等信息；对300户家庭进行碗、盘子、筷子、砧板、抹布,共1500件,按照GB14934-94中发酵法的采样要求进行采样,并根据GB4789.3中大肠菌群的检测方法进行定量计数检测；数据输入和管理采用Epidata据库,统计学方法：数据比较采用卡方检验、数据相关性分析采用等级相关分析。 [结果]实际调查10个区986户家庭,被调查家庭厨房平均面积为5.4+4.2平方米,平均照度为250.0±128.8勒克斯。调查对象男性314人、女性672人,平均年龄58.6±12.4岁。教育水平分为文盲77人、小学程度175人、初中程度391人、中专或高中程度248人、本科及以上95人。观察结果中油烟机有油污的占59.4%,厨房地面有垃圾的占14.8%、有油污的占16.5%、有灰尘的占26.6%,餐桌桌面有油污的占24.9%、有灰尘的占14.3%,洗菜水池有垃圾的占7.9%、有油污的占19.9%,52.2%的冰箱冷藏柜及28.8%的冰箱冷冻柜有生熟食品混放现行,15.4%的冰箱有异味；厨房清洁频率较高,99.6%和99.3%的家庭在一周内会对砧板及操作桌面进行一次彻底清洁、99.1%的家庭每天会清理垃圾、95.%的家庭每天会清洁抹布、而冰箱和油烟机一个月内清洁一次的家庭分别占78.4%和73.5%；居民不良卫生习惯比例：家中垃圾不加盖的占69.4%、切生熟食品的砧板菜刀混用分别占59.7%和46.3%、隔夜菜食用前未彻底加热的占37.1%、用生水制作凉拌菜的占22.4%、洗碗抹布混用占9.7%；样品微生物污染检测结果：69.0%的家庭厨房中有一件以上的样品检出有大肠菌群污染,38.7%的洗碗抹布、36.3%的碗、31.3%的盘子、31.3%的砧板、16.0%的筷子均检出有大肠菌群污染；居民腹泻发生情况：过去一年中,因家中不良饮食因素导致的腹泻人数占7.0%；相关分析：居民腹泻次数与厨房样品污染数量之间有一定的相关性,等级相关系数=0.187,p=0.000,碗、盘子、筷子、砧板及抹布的污染程度均与腹泻次数有一定的相关性,等级相关系数分别为：0.195、0.177、0.123、0.137和0.116,p均0.05,居民厨房的不良卫生习惯与其腹泻发生情况之间有一定的相关性,等级相关系数=0.088,p=0.002。 [结论]上海市居民家庭厨房卫生状况存在一些主要问题,厨房中碗、筷子、盘子、砧板、抹布的大肠菌群污染率高。居民在家庭厨房使用过程中存在部分不良卫生习惯,比较突出的是垃圾存放不加盖、砧板、菜刀生熟混用等。厨房卫生状况及居民不良卫生习惯均与居民健康状况相关。建议通过有针对性的专题健康宣教来进行改善。
[Abstract]:[Objective] to grasp the hygienic condition of the household kitchen in Shanghai, understand the residents' dietary hygiene habits, analyze the influence of the two on the health of the residents, and provide the basic data for improving the health status of the family kitchen.
[Methods] using the method of cross-sectional survey, in 2009, 5 counties (and urban and rural areas) and 5 urban areas were randomly selected according to the method of stratified random sampling in all districts and counties of Shanghai area. A total of 1000 households were investigated. The hygienic condition of the kitchen was evaluated by the investigator observation method, and the kitchen cleaning was collected by the questionnaire survey method. People's health habits, residents tell the information about the occurrence of diarrhoea and other information; 300 families of 300 families, plates, chopsticks, chopsticks, and a total of 1500 pieces of cloth, a total of 1500 pieces, according to the sampling requirements of GB14934-94 fermentation method, and according to the detection methods of coliform in the quantitative count detection; data input and management of the Epidata database, statistics Methods: Chi square test was used for data comparison, and correlation analysis was used for data correlation analysis.
[results] the average area of 986 households in 10 districts was investigated. The average area of the household kitchen was 5.4+4.2 square meters and the average illumination was 250 + 128.8 lux. The subjects were 314 men and 672 women, with an average age of 58.6 + 12.4 years. The education level was classified as illiterate 77, 175 in primary school, 391 in junior high school, secondary school or high school degree 248, undergraduate and undergraduate. And above 95. 59.4% of the oil fume, 14.8% of the kitchen ground, 16.5% with oil, 26.6% with dust, 24.9% of the table table, 14.3% with dust, 7.9% of the washing pool, 19.9% with oil, 52.2% refrigerator freezer and 28.8% refrigerator freezer. Cooked food mixed with the current, 15.4% of the refrigerator has a smell; the kitchen has a high frequency of cleaning, 99.6% and 99.3% of the family in a week will complete a thorough cleaning of the chopping board and the operating table, 99.1% of the family will clean up the garbage every day, 95% of the families clean the rag every day, and the refrigerator and the oil and smoke machine one month to clean the family of 78.4%, respectively. And 73.5%; the proportion of bad health habits of residents: 69.4% of household garbage without cover, 59.7% and 46.3% of chopping choppers for chopped cooked food, 37.1% of not thoroughly heated before night food, 22.4% with raw water, 9.7% of dishwashing cloth and 9.7%; samples of sample microorganism pollution: 69% household Chef More than one of the samples found coliform contamination, 38.7% dishwashing dishcloth, 36.3% bowls, 31.3% plates, 31.3% chopsticks and 16% chopsticks were found to have coliform contamination. In the past year, the incidence of diarrhoea caused by bad dietary factors in the family accounted for 7%; related analysis: Residents diarrhea times. There is a certain correlation between the number of kitchen samples and the number of contamination in the kitchen. The grade correlation coefficient =0.187, p=0.000, bowl, plate, chopsticks, chopsticks, and rags have a certain correlation with the times of diarrhea. The grade correlation coefficient is 0.195,0.177,0.123,0.137 and 0.116, P is 0.05, the unhealthy habits of the residents in the kitchen and their diarrhoea There is a certain correlation between the birth condition and grade correlation coefficient =0.088, p=0.002.
[Conclusion] there are some main problems in the sanitary condition of household kitchen in Shanghai. The pollution rates of coliform in the kitchen bowl, chopsticks, plates, cutting boards and the dishcloth are high. There are some unhealthy habits in the household kitchen use. The unhealthy habits of residents are related to the residents' health. It is suggested that targeted health education should be carried out to improve the residents' health.

【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R126.8

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