煤焦油沥青行业职业健康风险评估

发布时间：2018-04-21 03:21

本文选题：煤焦油沥青(CTP) + 化学物半定量风险评估法　；参考：《中国公共卫生》2016年06期

【摘要】：目的评估煤焦油沥青(CTP)生产、加工行业内CTP主要暴露工种的职业健康风险水平,为职业健康风险管理提供依据。方法于2015年7月选取2家炭素厂、1家煤焦油生产厂为研究对象,对主要暴露岗位的空气样本采集并检测,每天采集8 h,连续采集3 d;收集CTP的毒理学、流行病学等文献资料,采用新加坡化学物半定量风险评估法、职业危害风险指数评估法及相对危险度(RR)、标化率比率(SRR)等指数对CTP的职业健康风险进行评估。结果炭素厂成型及焙烧车间设备的自动化、密闭化程度较低,CTP烟逸散较为严重,11个岗位的CTP时间加权平均浓度均远超过中国标准限值0.2 mg/m3;煤焦油加工厂装置为露天布置,出料位及皮带运输机旁设有喷淋装置,2个岗位的CTP暴露水平(CTWA)为26.3和7.4 mg/m~3,分别超过限值130倍和37倍;采用上述2种风险评估法对13个岗位进行评估,结果显示,主要暴露工种的职业健康风险等级均为很高风险;以RR和SRR指数进行风险评估的结果显示,炭素厂和油毡厂作业人员的致肺癌风险等级为中等至很高风险等级。结论炭素生产企业、煤焦油加工厂及油毡厂生产厂CTP主要暴露岗位的职业健康风险等级已处于中等以上风险,建议采取相应的预防措施。
[Abstract]:Objective to evaluate the occupational health risk level of CTP in coal tar tar pitch production and processing industry, and to provide basis for occupational health risk management. Methods in July 2015, 2 carbon plants and 1 coal tar production plant were selected as the research objects. The air samples of the main exposed positions were collected and tested for 8 hours a day for 3 consecutive days, and the toxicology and epidemiology of CTP were collected. The occupational health risk of CTP was evaluated by using Singapore chemical semi-quantitative risk assessment method, occupational hazard risk index assessment method and relative risk index (RRN), standard rate ratio (SRR) and so on. Results the automation of the equipment in the molding and roasting workshop of the carbon plant was more serious than that of the sealing degree. The weighted average concentration of CTP time in 11 positions was far higher than the Chinese standard limit of 0.2 mg / m ~ 3. The coal tar processing plant was arranged in the open air. The CTP exposure level of 2 posts was 26.3 and 7.4 mg / m ~ (-1), 130 times and 37 times higher than the limit, respectively. 13 posts were evaluated by the two risk assessment methods, and the results showed that, The occupational health risk levels of the main exposed jobs were all very high, and the risk assessment results of RR and SRR index showed that the lung cancer risk level of workers in carbon plant and linoleum factory was medium to very high. Conclusion the occupational health risk level of the main exposed positions of CTP in carbon production enterprises, coal tar processing plants and linoleum factories is at the middle or above risk, and the corresponding preventive measures should be taken.
【作者单位】：中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所职业流行病学与风险评估室;
【分类号】：R131

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