蔺草加工致工人肺功能异常的流行病学研究

发布时间：2018-04-21 15:29

本文选题：蔺草 + 粉尘暴露　；参考：《宁波大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的：蔺草加工工人常暴露于严重的粉尘污染，出现尘肺等严重肺部损害。蔺草尘肺是蔺草工人肺损害的较严重阶段，本研究通过分析粉尘暴露和吸烟等因素对蔺草作业工人肺功能的影响，探讨在较早阶段防止蔺草工人肺损害的发生，从而保护蔺草加工工人的职业健康。方法：选择10家进行过职业卫生申报的蔺草加工厂进行粉尘污染情况调查，并查阅企业职业健康档案。在10家工厂里选择200名在岗工人作为暴露组进行问卷调查和体检，选择与暴露组工人年龄、籍贯等相似的上岗前工人200名作为对照组，对比分析粉尘暴露、吸烟等因素对工人肺功能的影响。根据资料不同，用卡方检验、方差分析等方法进行数据分析。用Epidata3.1和SAS9.1进行数据录入和分析。结果：拔草、拣草和编织岗位呼吸性粉尘浓度分别为2.820.13mg/m~3、2.480.10mg/m~3、1.830.31mg/m~3。均高于国家限值（0.7mg/m~3,PC-TWA）。接尘组FEV.1%小于80%的例数多于对照组。两组FEV.1%比较差异有统计学意义（t=-7.49,P0.01），FEV.1%随接尘工龄增加而降低（r=-0.499,P=0.008）。吸烟与接尘暴露有协同作用（F=31.72,P0.001）。按工作场所职业病危害作业分级（第1部分：生产性粉尘GBZ/T229.1-2010），拔草和拣草岗位的G值分别为11.2和7.5，为中度危害作业。编织岗位的G值为5.4，为轻度危害作业。累计接尘量上限lgd与肺功能累计异常率间存在回归方程：logit(P)=9.714lgd-20.137（F=40.06,P0.001）。如果把肺功能异常率控制在11.1%，以蔺草行业工人平均每天工作10小时，从事蔺草加工工作30年计算，呼吸性粉尘浓度不得超过0.4mg/m~3。结论：蔺草加工行业粉尘污染状况相比前几年有所改善，但与国家标准相比仍有较大差距，，应进一步加强粉尘污染的治理。肺功能指标FEV.1%对蔺草工人肺损害的防治有重要的参考意义。粉尘暴露和吸烟都会造成蔺草工人肺功能的损伤。两者的协同效应大于单独效应。粉尘污染与肺功能异常率间存在剂量-反应关系，呼吸性粉尘浓度0.4mg/m~3对蔺草工人肺损害的防治有重要的参考意义。
[Abstract]:Objective: rush workers are often exposed to severe dust pollution, pneumoconiosis and other serious lung damage. Rush pneumoconiosis is a serious stage of lung damage in rush workers. By analyzing the effects of dust exposure and smoking on lung function of rush workers, this study discussed how to prevent lung damage in early stage. Thus protecting the occupational health of rush processing workers. Methods: the dust pollution was investigated in 10 iris-processing plants with occupational health declaration, and the occupational health records of the enterprises were consulted. In 10 factories, 200 on-the-job workers were selected as exposure group for questionnaire survey and physical examination, 200 workers who were similar in age and place of origin as control group were selected as control group. Dust exposure was compared and analyzed. Effects of smoking and other factors on lung function of workers. According to the different data, chi-square test, variance analysis and other methods are used for data analysis. Use Epidata3.1 and SAS9.1 to input and analyze data. Results: the concentration of respiratory dust in weeding, grass picking and weaving was 2.820.13 mg / m ~ (-1) ~ (3) ~ (-1) ~ 31.830.31 mg 路m ~ (-1) 路m ~ (-1) ~ (-1) ~ (-1) 路m ~ (-1) 路m ~ (-1) ~ (-1) respectively. It is higher than the national limit value of 0.7 mg / m ~ (3) PC-TWAA. The number of cases with FEV.1% less than 80% in dust exposure group was more than that in control group. The difference of FEV.1% between the two groups was statistically significant (P 0.01%). The FEV.1% decreased with the increase of the length of exposure to dust. Smoking had synergistic effect with exposure to dust. According to the occupational hazard work classification of workplace (part 1: productive dust GBZ- / T229.1-2010), the G values of weeding and weeding were 11.2 and 7.5, respectively, which were moderately hazardous. The G value of braiding post is 5.4, which is a mild hazard operation. There was a regression equation between the upper limit of cumulative dust exposure (lgd) and the cumulative abnormal rate of pulmonary function. If the abnormal rate of lung function is controlled at 11.1, the average daily working time of iris-rush workers is 10 hours, and the concentration of respiratory dust should not exceed 0.4mg / mc3in 30 years of iris-rush processing. Conclusion: the dust pollution in rush processing industry has been improved compared with the previous years, but there is still a big gap compared with the national standard, so it is necessary to further strengthen the dust pollution control. The pulmonary function index FEV.1% has important reference significance for prevention and treatment of lung damage in rush workers. Dust exposure and smoking can damage the lung function of rush workers. The synergistic effect of the two is greater than that of the single effect. There is a dose-response relationship between dust pollution and abnormal lung function. 0.4mg/m~3 of respiratory dust concentration has important reference significance for prevention and treatment of lung damage in rush workers.
【学位授予单位】：宁波大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R131

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