辽宁省某地耐火砖生产企业职业卫生现状调查

发布时间：2018-04-24 16:13

本文选题：耐火砖 + 职业病危害因素　；参考：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：耐火砖生产企业属于严重职业病危害行业,尤其是生产性粉尘危害较为突出。由于耐火砖的生产工艺和生产原料不同,职业病危害因素有所不同,危害程度也不相同。因此,识别、评价及控制耐火砖生产企业的职业病危害因素,为保障和促进劳动者健康提出改进措施具有重要的现实意义。目的:通过对辽宁省某地在产的不同规模的碱性耐火砖生产企业开展调查,了解该地区碱性耐火砖生产企业的职业病危害现状,以期为同类行业的职业病危害防护、职业健康监护管理、预防职业病发生提供基础数据,为进一步保护工人职业健康提供建议,为监管部门针对重点地区、重点企业开展针对性的重点监管举措提供科学依据。方法:以辽宁省某地2016年在产的23家不同规模碱性耐火砖生产企业作为研究对象,通过调查企业的项目投资、产值效益、职业卫生经费、投产时间、主要产品和原辅材料、劳动岗位定员、生产工艺流程、职业病危害因素种类、职业病危害防护措施及设备运行效果、个人职业病防护用品管理使用情况、职业健康监护和职业卫生管理措施等情况,对23家企业的276个粉尘监测点、115个有毒物质监测点、138个噪声监测点、23个高温监测点进行职业卫生检测。采用Excel进行数据录入,SPSS21.0统计软件进行数据分析。计量资料用±s表示,计数资料用率表示。采用方差分析比较各岗位不同规模企业职业病危害因素浓度或强度的差异;采用t检验比较各岗位不同建厂时期企业职业病危害因素浓度的差异;采用Fisher确切概率法比较各岗位不同规模企业职业病危害因素超标率的差异,以P0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果:1.按照企业规模划分,23家企业有微型企业5家,占比21.8%;小型企业9家,占比39.1%;中型企业9家,占比39.1%。按照《职业病防治法》实施时间划分,实施前建厂投产企业7家,占比30.4%;实施后建厂投产企业16家,占比69.6%。企业劳动定员共3135人,其中管理及其他人员598人,生产工人2537人,生产工人中男工2425人,占比95.6%;女工112人,占比4.4%,从事耐火砖生产的男工明显多于女工。2.调查的23家企业中防尘设施正常使用的企业9家,占比39.1%;防毒设施正常使用的企业6家,占比26.1%;防噪设施正常使用的企业9家,占比39.1%。各类防护设施使用状况不良。防尘口罩正常发放使用的企业15家,占比65.2%;防噪耳塞正常发放使用的企业2家,占比8.7%,个人防护用品管理使用状况落实不到位。各家企业职业卫生经费投入金额在2万~12万元,平均5.94万元。3.对23家企业生产性粉尘进行游离二氧化硅含量测定,含量范围在1.6%~8.1%,平均4.97%,均未超过10%,按照职业病危害因素分类属于其他粉尘。4.对各家企业的上料、粉碎、混料、成型、烘干和包装6个不同岗位的粉尘C_(TWA)和C_(STEL)进行比较,结果显示,各岗位粉尘C_(TWA)和C_(STEL)差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),粉碎岗位粉尘C_(TWA)和C_(STEL)较高,烘干岗位粉尘C_(TWA)较低。5.对不同规模企业粉尘C_(TWA)和C_(STEL)进行比较,结果显示,不同规模企业粉尘C_(TWA)和C_(STEL)差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),微型企业粉尘C_(TWA)和C_(STEL)较高。6.各家企业有毒物质苯酚、甲醛、一氧化氮、二氧化氮、一氧化碳均未超标,符合国家职业接触限值要求。7.比较23家企业不同岗位噪声强度水平,结果显示,各岗位间噪声强度差异有统计学意义(P0.05),成型岗位噪声强度较大。8.烘干岗位WBGT指数在25℃以上,属于高温作业岗位。对不同规模企业烘干岗位高温情况进行比较,结果显示,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:1.该地区碱性耐火砖生产企业生产性粉尘中游离二氧化硅含量检测结果均小于10%,属于其他粉尘。2.被调查的耐火砖生产企业主要职业病危害因素是粉尘、噪声和高温,有毒物质苯酚、甲醛、一氧化氮、二氧化氮、一氧化碳浓度均未超标。3.粉碎岗位、混料岗位、成型岗位粉尘浓度较高,是耐火砖生产企业粉尘危害控制的关键生产岗位;粉碎岗位、成型岗位噪声强度较大,是企业噪声危害控制的关键生产岗位;烘干岗位高温超标,是企业高温危害控制的关键生产岗位。4.被调查企业中的微型企业粉尘浓度污染比中、小型企业严重。
[Abstract]:The refractory brick production enterprises belong to the serious occupational hazards industry, especially the productive dust harm is more prominent. Because of the different production technology and raw materials of the refractory bricks, the occupational hazards are different and the harm degree is different. Therefore, the identification, evaluation and control of the occupational hazard factors of the refractory brick production enterprises are guaranteed and promoted. The improvement measures of entering the workers' health have important practical significance. Objective: To investigate the occupational hazards of alkaline refractory production enterprises in this area by investigating the different scale alkaline refractory production enterprises in Liaoning Province, in order to protect the occupational hazards and the occupational health monitoring management in the same industry. To provide basic data for prevention of occupational disease, provide suggestions for further protection of workers' occupational health, and provide scientific basis for the regulatory departments to carry out key regulatory measures aimed at key areas and key enterprises. Methods: 23 different basic refractory bricks production enterprises in Liaoning Province in 2016 are used as the research object. To investigate the project investment, output value, production value, occupational health funds, production time, main products and raw and auxiliary materials, labor post personnel, production process, occupational disease hazard factors, occupational hazards protection measures and equipment operation effect, management and use of personal occupational disease protection products, occupational health care and occupational health care. Management measures, including 276 dust monitoring points of 23 enterprises, 115 toxic material monitoring points, 138 noise monitoring points and 23 high temperature monitoring points for occupational health testing. Data input by Excel and SPSS21.0 statistical software are used for data analysis. The measurement data is expressed in + s and the count data use rate is expressed. Variance analysis and comparison are used. The difference in the concentration or intensity of occupational hazards in different scale enterprises, and the difference of occupational disease risk factors in different positions of enterprises in different positions of different posts were compared by t test, and the difference in the rate of exceeding standard of occupational hazards in different scale enterprises of different positions was compared with the exact probability of Fisher, and the difference of P0.05 was statistically significant. Results: 1. according to the scale of the enterprise, 23 enterprises have 5 micro enterprises, accounting for 21.8%, 9 small enterprises, 39.1% and 9 medium-sized enterprises, accounting for 7 and 30.4% of the 39.1%. according to the implementation time of the occupational disease prevention and control law. 16 enterprises are put into operation after the implementation of the factory, accounting for 3135 more than the labor orders of the enterprises. There are 598 people in management and other personnel, 2537 workers, 2425 male workers, 95.6% male workers, 112 female workers and 4.4%. The male workers engaged in the production of refractory bricks are obviously more than 9 of the enterprises in the 23 enterprises of.2. investigation, accounting for 39.1%; 6 of the enterprises with normal use of antivirus facilities, accounting for 26.1%; noise prevention. The 9 enterprises with normal use of the facilities accounted for the poor use of all kinds of protective facilities in 39.1%.. 15 enterprises were used in the normal distribution of dustproof masks, accounting for 65.2%; 2 enterprises were used in the normal distribution of anti noise earplugs, accounting for 8.7%, and the application of personal protective goods management was not in place. The investment of occupational health funds in various enterprises was 20 thousand ~12 Ten thousand yuan, the average 59 thousand and 400 yuan.3. to 23 enterprises production dust determination of free silica content, the content range of 1.6%~8.1%, average 4.97%, not more than 10%, according to occupational hazard factors classification of other dust.4. for all enterprises, crushing, mixing, molding, drying and packaging of 6 different positions of dust C_ (TWA) and C_ (S) TEL), the results showed that the differences in dust C_ (TWA) and C_ (STEL) were statistically significant (P0.05), the dust C_ (TWA) and C_ (STEL) were higher in the comminuted post, and the dust C_ (TWA) in the drying post was compared. Statistical significance (P0.05), micro enterprise dust C_ (TWA) and C_ (STEL) higher.6. enterprises toxic substances phenol, formaldehyde, nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide are not exceeding the standard, according to the national occupational contact limit requirement,.7. compares the noise intensity level of the 23 enterprises in different positions. The results show that there is a statistical difference of noise intensity among the posts. Learning significance (P0.05), the noise intensity of the molding post is larger than the.8. drying post WBGT index above 25 C, which belongs to the high temperature operation post. The results show that there is no statistical significance (P0.05) on the high temperature situation of different scale enterprises. Conclusion: 1. the free silica contained in the production dust of the alkali refractory brick production enterprise contains free silica. The measurement results are less than 10%, and the main occupational hazards of the refractory brick production enterprises of other dust.2. are dust, noise and high temperature, toxic substances phenol, formaldehyde, nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide concentration are not exceeded.3. pulverizing posts, mixing positions, high dust concentration in the molding post, is a refractory brick production enterprise The key production post of industry dust hazard control; the crushing post and the high noise intensity of the molding post are the key production posts of the noise hazard control of the enterprise. The high temperature exceeding the standard in the drying post is the key production position of the high temperature hazard control of the enterprise..4. has been investigated in the micro enterprise dust concentration pollution ratio in the enterprise, and the small enterprise is serious.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R134

【相似文献】