应用国外两种风险模型评估职业危害的对比研究

发布时间：2018-04-26 15:46

本文选题：风险评估 + 家具企业　；参考：《环境与职业医学》2015年01期

【摘要】：[目的]运用美国国家环境保护署吸入风险模型(以下简称"EPA模型")和新加坡化学毒物职业暴露半定量风险模型(以下简称"新加坡模型")评估家具行业职业危害,通过二种评估方法的对比,探索适合家具行业职业危害风险评估方法。[方法]选取浙江省4家家具企业(A、B、C、D),利用上述两种风险评估模型分别对4家企业进行职业危害风险评估,并对结果进行比较分析。[结果]美国EPA模型:除企业A无明确甲醛致癌风险外,其余企业均有苯及甲醛致癌风险。企业A苯(喷漆涂装岗位)、4家企业甲苯(喷漆涂装岗位)的非致癌性风险均比较小;企业B、C、D苯(喷漆涂装岗位)及4家企业该岗位二甲苯均有非致癌性风险。新加坡模型:接触甲醛危害,企业A、B为高风险,企业C、D为中等风险;接触木粉尘危害,企业C为极高风险,其余为高风险;而接触三苯危害在此法中均为低风险。[结论]两种风险评估模型各有优缺点,评估结果也有出入,在接触甲醛岗位上有较强的一致性;在家具行业木粉尘接触普遍的情况下,对此新加坡模型有一定的优势。
[Abstract]:[objective] to evaluate the occupational hazards of furniture industry by using the inhalation risk model (EPA model) of the National Environmental Protection Agency of the United States and the semi-quantitative risk model of occupational exposure to chemical poisons in Singapore (hereinafter referred to as the Singapore Model). Through the comparison of the two evaluation methods, this paper explores the risk assessment methods suitable for the furniture industry occupational hazards. [methods] four furniture enterprises in Zhejiang Province were selected to carry out occupational hazard risk assessment by using the above two risk assessment models, and the results were compared and analyzed. [results] American EPA model: except enterprise A has no definite risk of formaldehyde carcinogenesis, all other enterprises have benzene and formaldehyde carcinogenic risk. The non-carcinogenic risk of toluene (spray painting post) in 4 enterprises is small, and the non-carcinogenic risk is not carcinogenic in BCU D benzene (spray painting post) and in 4 enterprises. Singapore model: exposure to formaldehyde, high risk for enterprise AZB, medium risk for enterprise CfD; exposure to wood dust, extremely high risk for enterprise C, high risk for the rest; exposure to tribenzene is low risk in this method. [conclusion] the two risk assessment models have their own merits and demerits, and the evaluation results are different, and there is strong consistency in the post exposure to formaldehyde, and the Singapore model has some advantages over the Singapore model when wood dust exposure is widespread in the furniture industry.
【作者单位】：浙江省疾病预防控制中心环境与职业卫生所;宁波疾病预防控制中心;
【基金】：浙江省医药卫生科技计划项目(编号:2013KYA042)
【分类号】：R13

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