《童年期慢性应激评定量表》的编制及其信效度评价

发布时间：2018-05-03 05:02

本文选题：应激 + 心理学　；参考：《安徽医科大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的编制适合我国儿童使用的《童年期慢性应激评定量表》,并对其信效度进行测量学评价,为我国儿童慢性应激事件分布特征的描述,以及儿童心理行为障碍的症状和状态的筛查提供有效的测评和参考工具。方法根据儿童童年期生活环境的生态系统理论,从家庭环境、学校环境、同伴关系和童年期不良生活经历4个维度编制童年期慢性应激评定量表。通过大量的文献阅读、反复的课题组讨论以及专家咨询,构建了包含80个条目的初始量表。整群抽取蚌埠市第三实验小学的1850名学生进行横断面调查,采用独立样本t检验、相关分析、因子分析等多种统计学方法进行项目筛选,通过Cronbach'sα系数、分半信度等评价问卷的信效度。最后编制成具有良好信效度的,含60个项目的《童年期慢性应激评定量表》。选取马鞍山市的3所小学,共2276名学生进行该量表的实际应用研究,描述问卷总分及各维度得分的P25、P50、P75、P90的分布情况,通过独立样本t检验和c2检验,比较不同性别、不同青春发育阶段以及不同抑郁症状之间得分结果的差异,评价问卷的区分效度。结果通过项目分析,最终编制了60个条目的《童年期慢性应激评定量表》,包含3个大维度,分别为同伴欺凌(共15个条目,包括同伴关系欺凌和同伴躯体欺凌2个子维度)、童年期虐待与忽视(共29个条目,包括情感和躯体虐待、性虐待、情感忽视和躯体忽视4个子维度)和童年期不良生活经历(共16个条目,包括家庭不良生活经历、学校不良生活经历和个人不良生活经历3个子维度)。问卷的Cronbach'sα系数为0.946,分半信度为0.798,重测信度为0.921;探索性因子分析结果显示问卷的累积方差贡献率为59.81%;验证性因子分析的结果显示,通过AMOS软件构建的结构方程模型拟合良好,说明问卷具有较好的重测效度、内容效度和结构效度,与问卷的理论构想基本一致。以P90作为问卷的高分组划分标准,发现3~6年级学生中男生的总分及各维度得分和高分项目数均高于女生,差异均具有统计学意义(P值均0.05);3~6年级学生中青春发动时相提前组的总分及各维度得分和高分项目数均高于青春发动时相适时组,差异均具有统计学意义(P值均0.05);3~6年级学生中抑郁组的总分及各维度得分和高分项目数均高于非抑郁组,差异均具有统计学意义(P值均0.05),表明该问卷具有较好的区分效度。结论《童年期慢性应激评定量表》具有较好的信效度,它可以比较准确、全面地反映儿童青少年慢性应激事件的分布情况,可以作为评定儿童青少年慢性应激的有效工具而进一步的推广使用。
[Abstract]:Objective to develop a childhood chronic stress rating scale for children in China and evaluate its reliability and validity in order to describe the distribution characteristics of chronic stress events in Chinese children. Screening for symptoms and states of children with mental behavior disorders provides an effective assessment and reference tool. Methods based on the ecosystem theory of children's childhood living environment, the chronic stress rating scale for childhood was developed from four dimensions: family environment, school environment, peer relationship and bad life experience in childhood. Based on a large number of literature reviews, repeated discussion groups and expert consultation, an initial scale consisting of 80 items was constructed. A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 1850 students from the third Experimental Primary School in Bengbu City by cluster sampling. Various statistical methods, such as independent sample t-test, correlation analysis, factor analysis and so on, were used to screen the items, and the Cronbach's 伪 coefficient was adopted. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire were evaluated by split-half reliability. Finally, the childhood chronic stress rating scale was developed with good reliability and validity, including 60 items. A total of 2276 students from 3 primary schools in Ma'anshan City were selected to carry out the practical application study of the scale. The distribution of the total score of the questionnaire and the scores of each dimension was described by P25P50 / P75P90, and the gender was compared by independent sample t-test and c2 test. The difference of scores between different stages of youth development and different depressive symptoms was used to evaluate the validity of the questionnaire. Results based on the item analysis, 60 items of chronic stress scale for Childhood were developed, including 3 dimensions of peer bullying (15 items in total). Two subdimensions of peer relationship bullying and peer physical bullying, childhood abuse and neglect (29 items, including emotional and physical abuse, sexual abuse, Emotional neglect and physical neglect in 4 sub-dimensions and childhood bad life experience (a total of 16 items, including bad family life experience, bad school life experience and personal bad life experience 3 subdimensions). The Cronbach's 伪 coefficient of the questionnaire is 0.946, the split-half reliability is 0.798, the test-retest reliability is 0.921, the result of exploratory factor analysis shows that the cumulative variance contribution rate of the questionnaire is 59.81, the result of confirmatory factor analysis shows that the structural equation model constructed by AMOS software fits well. It shows that the questionnaire has good test-retest validity, content validity and structural validity, which is basically consistent with the theoretical conception of the questionnaire. Using P90 as the criterion of high score group, it was found that the total scores, the scores of each dimension and the number of high score items in the students of grade 3 and grade 6 were higher than those of girls. The difference was statistically significant (P = 0.05). The total score, the score of each dimension and the number of high score items in the group of early onset of youth were higher than those in the group of timely stage of youth initiation. All the differences were statistically significant. The total scores, the scores of each dimension and the number of high score items in the depression group were higher than those in the non-depression group, and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.05), which indicated that the questionnaire had a good distinguishing validity. Conclusion the childhood chronic stress rating scale has good reliability and validity. It can accurately and comprehensively reflect the distribution of chronic stress events in children and adolescents. It can be used as an effective tool to evaluate chronic stress in children and adolescents.
【学位授予单位】：安徽医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：R179

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