某钢铁公司各分厂主要工种个体噪声暴露水平的测量与分析

发布时间：2018-05-11 12:17

本文选题：噪声 + 等效声级　；参考：《郑州大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的钢铁工业作为我国的基础工业,噪声是其工作场所中存在的一种主要的职业病危害因素,造成的听力损伤和其它方面的损失不容忽视。目前国内外对钢铁业工人接触的噪声暴露水平的评价很多,但大部分存在工种过少且为横断面研究的问题。本研究旨在通过调查钢铁厂连续3年主要工种的噪声接触状况,从而更全面地评价钢铁工人的噪声接触水平;并对炼钢厂和轧钢厂的2015年的现场噪声水平和主要工种的个体噪声水平进行了测量,为提出有效的防护措施,控制钢铁生产工人的噪声接触水平,保护劳动者健康提供依据。方法以该钢铁厂的各主要分厂为单位,回顾性调查该钢铁厂劳动卫生所2012-2014年对各车间的噪声检测报告和主要工种接触的噪声水平。依据GBZ/T189.8-2007《工作场所物理因素测量第8部分噪声》的要求进行测点选择和噪声水平的测定,使用个人声暴露计测量炼钢厂和轧钢厂所选工种的LEX,8h,并分别计算各工种的LEX,W的能量平均均值和算数平均值,依据(GBZ/T229.4-2012)《工作场所职业病危害作业分级第四部分:噪声》对各工种的噪声暴露水平进行分级。结果1.炼钢厂3年工种噪声暴露水平的超标率分别为78.6%、57.1%和42.9%,不同工种3年LEX,W的能量均值范围为78-94.8 dB(A),算数均值的范围为77.6-94.2 dB(A),炼钢厂电炉炼钢工、维护电工、LF炉炼钢工和整模工3年噪声接触水平均超过职业接触限值;轧钢厂3年工种噪声暴露水平的超标率分别为70.1%、82.4%和75%,不同工种3年LEX,W的能量均值范围为79.2-96.8 dB(A),算数均值的范围为79.2-95.1 dB(A),轧钢厂钢坯/钢锭清理工、轧钢工、热处理工(淬火炉)、剪断工(定尺剪)、修磨工和火切工3年噪声接触水平均超过职业接触限值;动力厂3年工种的超标率分别是50%,50%和0,不同工种3年LEX,W的能量均值范围为79.4-93.4 dB(A),算数均值的范围为78.8-90.5 dB(A),;检修厂3年工种的超标率分别是33.3%,18.2%和25%,不同工种3年LEX,W的能量均值范围为72.3-94.2 dB(A),算数均值的范围为72.3-93.7 dB(A);原料部工种的超标率分别为66.7%,33.0%和33.0%,不同工种3年LEX,W的能量均值范围为83.4-92.7 dB(A),算数均值的范围为82.8-92.7 dB(A);运输部工种3年的超标率分别为60%、40%和40%,不同工种3年LEX,W的能量均值范围为76.9-88.8 dB(A),算数均值的范围为76.9-87.8 dB(A);质量管理部3年工种的超标率分别为76.9%、69.2%和53.8%,不同工种3年LEX,W的能量均值范围为79.7-97.6 dB(A),算数均值的范围为79.6-97.5 dB(A),其中,锯工、磨工、砂切工、铣工、探伤工3年噪声接触水平均超过职业接触限值。各厂超出职业危害限值的工种的危害等级集中于Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级。2.炼钢厂操作室的噪声的超标率为34.5%,轧钢厂操作室噪声的超标率为42%,所测量工种暴露的噪声性质均为非稳态噪声,噪声频率均为中高频,测量工种的噪声危害等级均为Ⅰ级或Ⅱ级,配对t检验显示测量工种的LEX,W的能量均值高于算数均值,差异具有统计学意义(t=2.915,P0.05)。结论该钢铁厂一线作业工人噪声暴露超标情况严重,危害等级多集中于Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级;同一工种的LEX,W的能量平均值和算数平均值可能不同。该厂工人的噪声防护状况较差,应当加强噪声防护措施。
[Abstract]:The iron and steel industry is the basic industry in China. Noise is a major occupational hazard in its workplace, and the loss of hearing loss and other losses can not be ignored. At present, there is a lot of evaluation on the exposure level of workers exposed to steel industry at home and abroad, but most of them have too few and cross sections. The purpose of this study is to investigate the noise contact status of the main types of work for 3 years in a steel plant, so as to evaluate the noise exposure level of steel workers more comprehensively, and to measure the level of field noise in steel mills and rolling mills in 2015 and the individual noise level of the main types of work, and to put forward effective protection measures. The noise exposure level of iron and steel workers is made to provide the basis for protecting the health of the workers. Methods the noise levels of the noise detection reports and the main types of work in the 2012-2014 years of the Labor Health Institute of the iron and steel plant were investigated by the main branches of the iron and steel plant. According to the physical factors of the workplace, the physical factors of the GBZ/T189.8-2007< workplace were measured. The measurement point selection and noise level were measured for eighth parts of noise. LEX and 8h were measured by personal sound exposure meter, and the average and average value of LEX and W were calculated for each type of work, respectively, according to (GBZ/T229.4-2012) < workplace occupational hazard classification fourth parts: noise. Results the noise exposure level of various types of work is graded. Results the exceeding standard rate of the 3 years' noise exposure level in 1. steelworks is 78.6%, 57.1% and 42.9% respectively. The average range of W is 78-94.8 dB (A), the mean range of the number is 77.6-94.2 dB (A), the steelworks steelworks in steelmaking plant, the maintenance of the electrician, the LF furnace steelmaking and the whole mould 3. The annual noise exposure level is higher than the occupational exposure limit; the exceeding standard rate of the 3 year industrial noise exposure level of the rolling mill are 70.1%, 82.4% and 75%, the different types of work are 3 years LEX, the mean range of W is 79.2-96.8 dB (A), the range of the mean value is 79.2-95.1 dB (A), the steel billet / ingot cleaning workers in the rolling mill, the steel rolling workers, the heat treatment workers (quenching furnaces), cutting and cutting. The 3 year noise exposure levels of the grinders and the grinders were all higher than those of the professional contact limit. The overstandard rates of the power plants for 3 years were 50%, 50% and 0 respectively, and the average range of W was 79.4-93.4 dB (A), and the mean range of the number was 78.8-90.5 dB (A), and the overhaul plant's exceeding rate of 3 years was 33.3%, 18.2% and 25%, respectively. The average energy range of W is 72.3-94.2 dB (A) for 3 years of different types of work, and the average range of the mean is 72.3-93.7 dB (A). The excess rate of the raw material section is 66.7%, 33% and 33% respectively. The range of the mean value range of the W is 83.4-92.7 dB, and the range of average value is 6, and the rate of exceeding the standard of 3 years of the transportation department is 6, respectively. 0%, 40% and 40%, different types of work for 3 years LEX, W energy mean range of 76.9-88.8 dB (A), the mean value of the range is 76.9-87.8 dB (A); the quality management department 3 years of 3 years of work of 76.9%, 69.2% and 53.8%, W for 3 years LEX, the mean range of W is 79.7-97.6 dB. In 3 years, the noise contact level of the sanding workers, the milling workers and the sore sore workers exceeded the occupational exposure limit. The damage grade of the plant which exceeded the occupational hazard limit in each plant was concentrated on the excess rate of 34.5% in the operating room of the grade I and II.2. steelworks, and the exceeding standard rate of the operating room noise of the rolling mill was 42%, and the noise nature of the measured works were all right. The noise levels of steady state and noise are both middle and high frequency. The grade of noise hazard of the measured works are grade I or II. The paired t test shows the LEX of the measurement work, the mean of the energy of W is higher than the mean value of the calculated number, and the difference is statistically significant (t=2.915, P0.05). In the same type of work, the average and average value of the LEX and W may be different. The noise protection of the workers in the factory is poor, and the noise protection measures should be strengthened.

【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：R135.8

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