某化肥企业工作场所健康促进需求调查及干预研究

发布时间：2018-05-26 05:10

本文选题：化肥企业 + 工作场所健康促进　；参考：《中国疾病预防控制中心》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：肥料制造是基础化工九小类之一,其主要生产特点是在大力推进国民经济发展的同时,生产过程中使用大量的有毒有害物质,生产过程复杂,容易造成有毒有害物料的泄漏,噪声、粉尘、振动、热辐射、高温等职业危害因素对作业人员的健康和生命造成威胁。同时由于现代工作方式的改变以及劳动者高层次需求的追求,劳动者重视工作,容易受到职业紧张因素的影响,职业紧张不仅会严重影响到劳动者的身体健康,同时也会给社会经济造成重大损失。随着医学模式由单纯生物医学模式向生物-心理-社会医学模式的发展,为了保护劳动者的健康,针对肥料制造行业的特点,开展工作场所健康促进来预防和控制疾病发生。国内外大量研究证实了健康促进在预防与控制疾病、改善劳动者健康等方面所取得的成效。某化肥企业属于职业病危害严重行业,为了保护劳动者健康,提高员工健康水平,在工作场所开展健康促进研究,促进企业职业卫生发展,预防和控制疾病的发生。目的本研究通过调查了解某化肥企业职业卫生管理、健康教育、职业病防治、急性职业中毒、工伤、职业卫生防护经费等情况和员工的职业卫生知识认知、健康知识认知、健康状况、生活方式、职业卫生服务需求、健康知识需求、职业卫生知识需求、职业紧张等情况,分析其存在的主要问题及其影响因素,根据企业基线需求评估调查结果分别进行健康促进干预,以提高企业职业卫生管理以及员工职业卫生知识、健康知识、自我保健意识及技能水平,形成健康的行为生活方式和化肥行业工作场所健康促进模式。方法采用整群抽样方法,使用“健康促进企业”试点项目基线调查表对某化肥企业及所有员工进行基线调查,分析企业及其员工存在的主要职业卫生及其健康问题,针对存在的主要问题及其需求制定干预方案,实施5期健康促进干预活动,干预后采用基线调查表再次调查进行干预效果评估。结果 1.企业基线调查结果企业运行有完善的职业卫生管理体系,每年定期进行健康体检、职业病危害因素监测工作,上岗前对员工进行职业病法律、法规及个体防护用品正确使用方法的培训。 2.员工基线调查结果职业卫生情况：员工与企业签订劳动合同、参加工伤保险、每年定期进行职业健康体检、98.8%的生产工人知道所在的作业岗位存在职业病危害因素并设置了职业病危害警示标识或警示说明,得知职业病危害因素的主要方式是上岗前培训,工人配备个体防护用品并能够正确佩戴,有24.9%的员工对劳动条件不满意或很不满意。职业卫生知识和健康知识认知情况：员工职业卫生知识认知率均较高,最低为对职业病是否可以预防的、认知率为82.4%;员工对健康知识的正确认知率最低为慢性病预防措施的认知、为46.0%。一般健康状况和生活方式：存在主要问题是员工吸烟率高、饮食口味偏咸、百分率分别为39.8%、27.7%。相关服务与健康知识需求：员工希望了解作业场所是否存在职业病危害因素及其对人体危害,并希望获得个体职业病防护用品、参加职业健康体检。希望了解高血压、糖尿病等慢性病防治、膳食平衡等健康知识。职业紧张：在调查中精神卫生异常率为35.0%,应付能力、自觉健康状况是精神卫生的保护因素；职业紧张是精神卫生的危险因素。 3.企业干预后调查结果：企业重视职业卫生工作,加大了职业卫生及健康促进的投入,采取的健康教育方式多样化,培训的内容不仅有职业卫生知识,还增加了健康知识、健康的生活方式和健康技能的培训。 4.员工干预后调查结果干预后员工职业卫生知识、健康知识每项认知率均提高9个百分点以上,对劳动条件满意程度大有改善、员工自觉健康状况有所提高,生活方式改变不明显,职业卫生服务需求不变,健康知识需求和职业卫生知识需求有所变动,干预后员工精神卫生异常率仍为42.1%、职业紧张因素得分增加。 5.干预效果达到第一阶段干预目标要求。结论通过健康促进短期的第一阶段干预,企业领导重视职业卫生工作,加大了职业卫生及健康促进的投入,员工参与健康促进活动积极性高、掌握职业卫生知识、健康知识水平提高显著,自觉健康状况和对劳动条件的满意程度大幅度增加、同时员工掌握了健康技能,为以后健康行为的改变奠定了知识和技能基础,在一定程度上使得员工健康质量得到提升。
[Abstract]:Fertilizer manufacturing is one of the nine small types of basic chemical industry. Its main production features are the use of a large number of toxic and harmful substances in the process of promoting the development of the national economy, the complex production process, and the leakage of toxic and harmful materials, noise, dust, vibration, heat radiation, high temperature and other occupational hazards to the workers. At the same time, health and life pose a threat. At the same time, due to the change of modern work mode and the pursuit of high level demand of workers, the workers' attention to work is easily affected by occupational stress. Occupational stress will not only seriously affect the health of the workers, but also cause significant losses to the social economy. In order to protect the health of the laborers and to promote the health of the fertilizer manufacturing industry, the health promotion of the workplace is carried out to prevent and control the occurrence of disease. A large number of studies at home and abroad have confirmed that health promotes the prevention and control of disease and the improvement of the health of workers. A chemical fertilizer enterprise is a serious occupational hazard industry. In order to protect the health of workers, improve the health level of employees, carry out health promotion research in the workplace, promote the development of occupational health and prevent and control the occurrence of disease.
objective
This study was conducted to understand the occupational health management, health education, occupational disease prevention, occupational disease prevention, occupational poisoning, occupational injury, occupational health protection funds and other conditions and employees' knowledge of occupational health knowledge, health knowledge cognition, health status, life style, occupational health service demand, health knowledge demand, and occupational health knowledge demand. In order to improve the management of occupational health and the knowledge of occupational health, health knowledge, self health awareness and skill level, a healthy behavior life style and chemical fertilizer are formed to form a healthy behavior life style and chemical fertilizer. Industry workplace health promotion model.
Method
Using the cluster sampling method, the baseline survey of the "health promotion enterprise" pilot project was used to carry out a baseline survey on a chemical fertilizer enterprise and all employees, to analyze the main occupational health and health problems of the enterprises and their employees, to formulate the intervention programs for the main problems and their needs, and to implement the 5 phase of health promotion intervention. After intervention, the baseline survey was used to re evaluate the effect of intervention.
Result
1. enterprise baseline survey results
The enterprise has a complete system of occupational health management, regular physical examination, monitoring of occupational hazards, and the training of occupational disease laws, regulations and the correct use of individual protective equipment before going on duty.
2. staff baseline survey results
Occupational health conditions: employees and enterprises sign labor contracts, take part in occupational injury insurance and carry out regular occupational health checkup every year. 98.8% of the workers know the occupational hazards in their jobs and set up warning signs or warning signs of occupational hazards. The main way to learn occupational hazards is to cultivate the occupational hazards. The workers are equipped with personal protective equipment and can wear them correctly. 24.9% of the workers are not satisfied with or satisfied with the working conditions.
The cognition of occupational health knowledge and health knowledge: the cognition rate of occupational health knowledge is high, the lowest is whether the occupational disease can be prevented, the cognition rate is 82.4%, and the correct cognition rate of the employee's knowledge of health is the cognition of the chronic disease prevention measures, which is 46.0%.
General health and lifestyle: the main problem is the high smoking rate and salty taste of food, with a percentage of 39.8%, 27.7%.
Related services and health knowledge requirements: employees want to know whether there are occupational hazards in the workplace and their harm to the human body, and hope to obtain individual occupational disease protection supplies and take part in occupational health examination.
Occupational stress: the rate of mental health abnormality was 35%, coping ability and mental health were the protective factors of mental health, and occupational stress was a risk factor for mental health.
3. the results of the study on the prognosis of the enterprises:
The enterprise attaches great importance to occupational health work, increases the input of occupational health and health promotion, and has diversified health education methods. The training has not only occupational health knowledge but also health knowledge, healthy life style and health skills training.
4. investigation results of employee's prognosis
The occupational health knowledge and knowledge of health knowledge were increased by 9 percentage points, and the satisfaction degree of the labor conditions was improved greatly, the employees' self-conscious health was improved, the lifestyle changes were not changed, the demand for occupational health service was unchanged, the needs of health knowledge and occupational health knowledge were changed, and the employees were given the prognosis. Mental health abnormality rate was 42.1%, occupational stress factor score increased.
5. the effect of intervention reached the requirements of the first stage of intervention.
conclusion
Through the health promotion of the first phase of the intervention, the enterprise leaders paid attention to the occupational health work, increased the investment in occupational health and health promotion, the staff participated in the health promotion activities, grasps the occupational health knowledge, improved the level of health knowledge, and increased the satisfaction degree of the conscious health and the labor conditions greatly. At the same time, the employees have mastered the health skills, laying the foundation of knowledge and skills for the change of their health behavior, and improving the health quality of employees to a certain extent.
【学位授予单位】：中国疾病预防控制中心
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R134

【参考文献】