基于支付意愿的大气PM2.5健康经济学损失评价

发布时间：2018-05-27 05:19

本文选题：支付意愿 + 大气污染　；参考：《环境与健康杂志》2015年08期

【摘要】：目的采用支付意愿(WTP)法对北京市PM2.5的健康经济学损失进行初步评价,将以调查结果的WTP值为基础计算的健康经济学损失与已有数据进行对比和讨论。方法于2014年采用条件价值评估法(contingent valuation method,CVM),调查北京市海淀区、朝阳区、西城区722名居民对大气污染健康风险的WTP,选取死亡为健康终点,核算北京市居民统计学意义上的生命价值(VOSL)和大气PM2.5的健康损害成本。结果有65.4%(472/722)的调查对象愿意为降低大气环境污染健康风险支付费用,其WTP值为100~200元/人,居民VOSL为66.7万元~133.3万元。2011年北京市大气PM2.5污染对非意外总死亡、呼吸系统及循环系统疾病死亡的环境损害成本分别为27.11亿元~54.19亿元、3.22亿元~6.43亿元、8.11亿元~16.21亿元,分别占该市该年GDP总量的0.17%~0.33%,0.02%~0.04%和0.05%~0.10%。结论可采用CVM调查大气污染健康风险的WTP,并评估大气污染的健康损失成本。
[Abstract]:Objective to evaluate the health economics loss of PM2.5 in Beijing using WTP method, and to compare and discuss the health economics loss calculated on the basis of the WTP value of the survey results. Methods in 2014, 722 residents of Haidian District, Chaoyang District and Xicheng District of Beijing were investigated with conditional valuation method (CVM) for the health risk of air pollution. To calculate the cost of health damage of Beijing residents in terms of life value and atmospheric PM2.5. Results 65.4% of the respondents were willing to pay for reducing the health risk of air pollution. The WTP value was 100,200 yuan per person, and the VOSL of residents was 667000 yuan to 1.333 million yuan. In 2011, the air PM2.5 pollution in Beijing caused total non-accidental death. The cost of environmental damage caused by respiratory and circulatory diseases death was 2.711 billion yuan ~ 5.419 billion yuan, 322 million yuan ~ 643 million yuan and 811 million ~ 1.621 billion yuan respectively, which accounted for 0.17% of the total GDP of the city in that year. Conclusion CVM can be used to investigate the health risk of air pollution and evaluate the health loss cost of air pollution.
【作者单位】：北京大学医学部公共卫生学院劳动卫生与环境卫生学系;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(81273033)
【分类号】：R122.26

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