临安市学龄前儿童意外伤害现状及相关因素研究

发布时间：2018-06-01 05:09

本文选题：学龄前儿童 + 意外伤害　；参考：《复旦大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的了解临安市学龄前儿童家长有关儿童意外伤害的知识、行为的现状,分析儿童年龄、儿童性别、家长人口学特征、管教方式、预防意外伤害的知识和行为等与学龄前儿童意外伤害的关系,了解家长对意外伤害知识的需求及意愿情况,明确在健康教育中需重点关注的内容和目标人群,为开展有效的健康教育和干预提供参考依据。方法采用随机整群分层抽样法。在临安市六片区所属幼儿园中随机抽取6所幼儿园,每所幼儿园分别随机抽取大中小班各一个,共18个班级,以这18个班级儿童的家长作为研究对象,共487名。采用自编《儿童意外伤害知识调查问卷》对被调查儿童家长进行统一问卷调查。结果 1、意外伤害发生情况：本次研究实际调查学龄前儿童家长487人,收回有效问卷451份,儿童意外伤害发生率为38.6%。其中男孩为39.3%,女孩为37.7%。在发生过意外伤害的174人儿童中,发生1次伤害的比例占65.4%,有34.6%的学龄前儿童曾发生过不只一次的意外伤害。发生地点从多到少依此是家里(55.3%)、路上(14.1%)、校外活动场所(14.1%)、幼儿园(13.6%)、其他(2.9%)。意外伤害发生种类前五位的是摔伤、扭伤和脱臼等(54.8%)、烧烫伤(27.6%)、利器割伤(8.5%)、异物吸入(5.1%)和交通事故4.0%)。 2.家长的意外伤害知识知晓情况：平均知识分33.3分；平均行为分61.5分。其中预防性知识条目中正确知晓率低于60%的条目分别是：不应该给孩子吃瓜子、花生等坚果食物(37.4%),孩子不可以单独进厨房(59.8%)。急救性知识条目中正确知晓率低于60%的条目分别是：会做心肺复苏(12.7%),煤气中毒时首先脱离现场(22.6%),知道且会做气管异物的急救(22.7%),正确处理孩子误吃药品或有毒物品(23.4%),正确处理外伤导致淤血瘀斑(55.4%),骨折时首先固定骨折处(45.1%)。 3.家长的意外伤害预防行为情况：行为条目中正确率低于60%的条目是：从不给孩子吃花生、坚果类食物(15.7%),有儿童专用座椅(26.9%),家中配备基本外用急救药物(29.4%),洗涤剂放在孩子够不到的地方(52.3%),孩子睡觉时口鼻在被子外面(57.2%)。 4.家长意外伤害知识Logistic回归模型显示,儿童年龄大、家长预防行为得分越高、父母管教方式为耐心说服、有意外伤害史的儿童家长,家长知识得分高。 5.家长意外伤害预防行为Logistic回归模型显示,母亲的文化程度高、父母管教方式为耐心说服、家长的知识得分越高有意外伤害史的儿童家长,预防行为得分越高。 6.家长获得知识途径：目前家长的知识来源主要是书刊杂志(53.5%)、电视(2.8%)、网络(48.1%),只有38.4%和28.4%的家长是从医院和社区的宣传获得相关知识,通过医务人员家庭访视获得知识的只占12.8%,说明家长缺乏系统、全面、专业的意外伤害知识教育,而希望通过医院、社区宣传和家庭访视获得相关知识的家长分别占67.5%、65.5%和21.9%。说明家长对从专业人员处获得相关知识的需求很大。 7.家长自觉参加意外伤害健康教育项目的意愿较高。在调查的451位家长中有94.2%的家长表示愿意参加健康教育。结论学龄前儿童意外伤害发生率较高,与儿童家长意外伤害知识欠缺、意识不够和不良行为有关。现阶段的健康教育服务没有满足儿童家长的需要,有关单位和工作者应加强儿童意外伤害的预防工作,根据相关影响因素有针对性的进行健康教育,在教育中需重视家长的知识和行为状况,以促进家长不良行为的改变,预防儿童意外伤害的发生。
[Abstract]:Objective To understand the knowledge and behavior of children ' s accidental injury in preschool children in Linan City , analyze the relationship between children ' s age , child sex , parents ' demographic characteristics , management style , knowledge and behavior of preventing accidental injury and the accidental injury of preschool children , understand the needs and willingness of parents to the accidental injury knowledge , and make clear the content and target population that need to be focused on in health education , and provide reference for effective health education and intervention .

Methods Six kindergartens were randomly selected in six kindergartens in Linan City . Each kindergarten was randomly divided into 18 classes , with a total of 18 classes .

Results

1 . The incidence of accidental injury occurred : 487 children from pre - school children were surveyed , 451 were recovered , and the incidence of accidental injury of children was 38.6 % . Among 174 children who had suffered accidental injuries , there were not only accidental injuries among the 174 children who had suffered accidental injuries . The number of accidents occurred in the first five places in the family ( 55.3 % ) , the road ( 14.1 % ) , the campus activity ( 14.1 % ) , the kindergarten ( 13.6 % ) , the other ( 2.9 % ) .

2 . Knowledge of accidental injury of parents : average knowledge is 33.3 points ;
The average behavior was 61.5 points . The items with the correct awareness rate of less than 60 % in the preventive knowledge items were : the children should not eat nuts such as melon seeds , peanuts and the like ( 37.4 % ) , and the children could not be fed into the kitchen alone ( 59.8 % ) . The correct understanding rate in the first aid sexual knowledge entry was lower than 60 % . The correct treatment of the children by mistake of drugs or toxic substances ( 23.4 % ) , the correct treatment of the trauma resulted in congestion of blood stasis ( 55.4 % ) , and the fracture was first fixed at the fracture site ( 45.1 % ) .

3 . The prevention behavior of accidental injury of parents : the correct rate of less than 60 % in the behavior items is : never to eat peanuts , nut - like foods ( 15.7 % ) for children , child - specific chairs ( 29.9 % ) , home - equipped first - aid drugs ( 29.4 % ) , and detergents placed outside the quilt ( 52.3 % ) , and children ' s mouth nose outside the quilt ( 57.2 % ) .

4 . The Logistic regression model of parents ' accidental injury shows that the higher the age of the child , the higher the parents ' prevention behavior score , the parents ' management style is patient persuasion , the child parents with the history of accidental injury , the parents knowledge score is high .

5 . The Logistic regression model of parents ' accidental injury prevention shows that the higher the mother ' s culture and the parenting style of parents , the higher the parents ' knowledge score , the higher the parents who have the history of accidental injury , the higher the prevention behavior score .

6 . Parents have access to knowledge : parents ' knowledge sources are mainly magazines ( 53.5 per cent ) , television ( 2.8 per cent ) and networks ( 48.1 per cent ) . Only 38.8 per cent of parents receive knowledge through family visits in hospitals and communities , while parents lack systematic , comprehensive and professional knowledge education , while parents who wish to obtain relevant knowledge through hospitals , community advocacy and family visits account for 67.5 per cent , 65.5 per cent and 29.9 per cent , respectively .

7 . The willingness of parents to participate in accidental injuries to health education projects was high . 94.2 per cent of the 451 parents surveyed expressed their willingness to participate in health education .

Conclusion The incidence of accidental injuries among preschool children is relatively high , and the lack of knowledge , lack of consciousness and bad behavior are related to the accidental injury of children ' s parents . At present , the health education service does not meet the needs of children ' s parents . Relevant units and workers should strengthen the prevention work of children ' s accidental injury , and pay attention to the knowledge and behavior of parents according to the relevant factors , so as to promote the change of parents ' bad behavior and prevent the accidental injury of children .
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R179

【参考文献】