重庆市城区人居环境电磁辐射监测分析与评价

发布时间：2018-06-04 13:29

本文选题：非电离辐射 + 人居环境　；参考：《重庆医科大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的本文旨在监测重庆市市区人居环境的电磁辐射水平，为有关部门制定科学有效的防护措施和相关卫生政策提供参考依据。方法按照HJ/T10.2-1996《辐射环境保护管理导则—电磁辐射监测仪器和方法》、HJ/T10.3-1996《辐射环境保护管理导则—电磁辐射环境影响评价方法和标准》、GB9175-88《环境电磁波卫生标准》、GB8702-88《电磁辐射防护规定》和DL/T988-2005《高按照压交流架空送电线路、变电站工频电场和磁场测量方法》的要求和方法测量：（1）住宅楼外环境综合场强及功率密度；（2）住宅楼内各楼层(电梯口、楼梯间及楼顶)的电磁场强度；（3）室内客厅电场强度和磁场强度，测量状态分为三种，分别为，状态A——电器未开启，人体处于站姿状态；状态B——电器开启，人体处于站姿状态；状态C——电器开启，人体处于坐姿状态、；（4）110kV高压线周围的环境综合电磁强度。结果（1）本次调查中，，所测量重庆市的五个区住宅楼外100kHz～3GHz电磁波的综合电场强度测量结果未超过国家环境卫生标准一级安全区限值。C区和E区的复合功率密度所测得的个别值已超标。（2）在1MHz～40GHz频段，四栋住宅楼楼内综合场强最高值为17.18V/m，已接近GB8702-88《电磁辐射防护规定》的公众照射导出限值，且各楼层间差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）；在5Hz～1kHz频段，不同住宅楼楼内综合场强差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05），而临近高压线的住宅楼楼顶综合场强明显高于其它小区楼顶，以及同一栋楼其它楼层的综合场强（P均＜0.005），并且该楼各楼层的磁场强度明显高于其它三栋住宅楼各楼层的磁场强度（P＜0.005）。（3）100kHz~3GHz频段电磁波的功率密度未超过《环境电磁波卫生标准》的要求，100kHz~3GHz频段的电场强度接近卫生标准一级安全区限值；5Hz~1kHz和1kHz~100kHz频段，站立状态下，电器开启时的电场强度高于未开启时的电场强度（P0.05）；5Hz~1kHz频段，电器开启时，站姿电场强度高于坐姿电场强度（P0.01）；1MHz～40GHz频段的电场强度值接近国际非电离辐射防护委员会（ICNIRP)《时变电场、磁场和电磁场暴露限值导则》中的限值。（4）在5Hz~1kHz频段，110kV高压线周围六个监测点的电场强度、磁场强度的最高值分别为1766.68V/m、0.49μT，均低于ICNIRP的公众暴露标准5kV/m、100μT；临近高压线的居民楼楼顶的电场强度为范围629.50~635.60V/m，明显高于其他楼层（P＜0.005）；高压线下1.7米高度处的不同监测点，距头顶高压线近处电场强度1341.01~1396.02V/m（高压线距地11.15m）高于远处的电场强度188.90~191.20V/m（高压线距地18.99m）（P＜0.005）；邻近街道的功率密度个别值超标，最大值达22.90μW／cm2。结论（1）本调查中楼外、楼内、室内及高压线的环境电磁辐射水平除个别值外，未超出国家相应标准限制。（2）不同楼层电磁辐射水平与极低频辐射源的分布有关。家用电器的使用对室内环境电磁辐射贡献较大。未发现室内环境电磁辐射水平与家用电器总功率之间存在相关性。（3）高压线、建筑材料、建筑布局、线缆布置对环境电磁辐射水平有影响，其中，高压线对临近建筑物内电磁辐射水平贡献大。（4）高压线的架设方式等对高压线产生的电磁辐射水平有影响。高压输电线的电场强度和磁场强度均随距离的增大而减小。（5）城市人居环境中电磁波多为低强度、混合射频波，其中极低频（0Hz~100kHz）电磁波占有重要地位。
[Abstract]:Objective the purpose of this paper is to monitor the electromagnetic radiation level of human living environment in Chongqing City, and provide reference for relevant departments to formulate scientific and effective protection measures and relevant health policies.
Methods according to HJ/T10.2-1996< radiation environmental protection management guidelines - electromagnetic radiation monitoring instruments and methods >, HJ/T10.3-1996< radiation environmental protection management guidelines - electromagnetic radiation environmental impact assessment methods and Standards > GB9175-88< environmental electromagnetic wave hygienic standard > GB8702-88< electromagnetic radiation protection regulations > DL/T988-2005< high pressure AC frame The requirements and methods of power frequency electric field and magnetic field measurement method for substations are measured and measured: (1) comprehensive field strength and power density outside the residential building environment; (2) the electromagnetic field intensity of each floor (elevator, staircase and roof) in the residential building; (3) the electric field intensity and magnetic field intensity of the indoor living room are divided into three kinds, respectively, state A The electric appliance is not opened, the human body is in the standing position state; the state B - the electric appliance is opened, the body is in the standing position state; the state C - the electric appliance is opened, the body is in the sitting position, and (4) the comprehensive electromagnetic intensity around the 110kV high pressure line.
Results (1) in this survey, the measurement results of the comprehensive electric field intensity of 100kHz ~ 3GHz electromagnetic wave outside the residential buildings of five residential buildings in Chongqing did not exceed the specific values of the composite power density of the limit value.C zone and E area of the national environmental hygiene standard first class safety zone. (2) the comprehensive field strength in the four residential buildings in the 1MHz to 40GHz frequency band. The maximum value is 17.18V/m, which is close to the public exposure limit of GB8702-88< electromagnetic radiation protection regulations, and there is no statistical significance between each floor (P > 0.05). There is no statistical significance (P > 0.05) in the comprehensive field strength of different residential buildings in the 5Hz to 1kHz frequency band, and the comprehensive field strength of the roof of the residential building near the near high pressure line is obviously higher than that of the other The roof of the district and the integrated field strength of the other floor of the same building (P < 0.005), and the magnetic field intensity of each floor of the building is obviously higher than that of the other three building floors (P < 0.005). (3) the power density of the electromagnetic wave in the 100kHz~3GHz frequency band does not exceed the requirements of the environmental electromagnetic wave health standard, and the electric field of the 100kHz~3GHz band is strong. The degree is close to the limit of the first level safety zone of the health standard; the electric field strength of the 5Hz~1kHz and 1kHz~100kHz frequency band is higher than that of the unopened electric field strength (P0.05) when the electric appliance is opened; when the 5Hz~1kHz band is opened, the strength of the standing electric field is higher than that of the sitting position (P0.01); the electric field intensity of the 1MHz to 40GHz frequency band is close to the international non The limit value of the Ionizing Radiation Protection Commission (ICNIRP) < time variable electric field, magnetic field and electromagnetic field exposure guideline > (4) the electric field intensity of six monitoring points around the 5Hz~1kHz band and the 110kV high voltage line, the maximum magnetic field intensity is 1766.68V/m, 0.49 mu T respectively, lower than ICNIRP's public exposure standard 5kV/m, 100 mu T; residents near the high pressure line The electric field strength of the roof of the building is 629.50~635.60V/m, obviously higher than that of other floors (P < 0.005); the different monitoring points at the height of 1.7 meters below the high pressure line, the electric field intensity near the top of the top line of the head (high voltage line to ground 11.15m) are higher than the distance of the electric field intensity 188.90~191.20V/m (P < 0.005) in the distance (P < 0.005). The power density of the street exceeds the standard value with a maximum value of 22.90 W / cm2..
Conclusions (1) the ambient electromagnetic radiation levels in the buildings, indoor and high pressure lines are not beyond the limits of the national standards. (2) the electromagnetic radiation levels of different floors are related to the distribution of the extremely low frequency radiation sources. The use of household electrical appliances contributes greatly to the electromagnetism radiation of the indoor environment. There is a correlation between leveling and total power of household electrical appliances. (3) high voltage line, building material, building layout and cable arrangement have an influence on the level of electromagnetic radiation in the environment, in which the high voltage line contributes to the level of electromagnetic radiation near the building. (4) the erection mode of the high voltage line has an effect on the electromagnetic radiation level produced by the high voltage line. The intensity of the electric field and the intensity of the magnetic field all decrease with the increase of distance. (5) the electromagnetic waves in the urban living environment are mostly low intensity and mixed with radio frequency waves, in which the extremely low frequency (0Hz~100kHz) electromagnetic wave occupies an important position.
【学位授予单位】：重庆医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R142

【参考文献】