重庆市天然气净化企业职业病危害分析与控制对策研究

发布时间：2018-06-20 01:31

本文选题：天然气净化 + 职业病危害　；参考：《第三军医大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着国民经济的持续快速增长，我国天然气的消费需求迅猛递增，，供需缺口逐年加大，制约了社会经济发展。因此近年来天然气净化工程建设项目快速发展，而天然气净化工程建设项目产生的职业病危害也不容忽视，成为摆在社会面前的一个新课题。本课题对重庆市天然气净化企业职业病危害分析与控制对策进行研究。研究目的:对重庆市天然气净化企业的职业病危害进行分析,探讨该类项目存在的职业病危害因素及其危害程度，评价现有的控制对策和方法，为同类企业的职业病危害防治提供科学的依据。方法:对重庆市已建成并投产的5家天然气净化厂采用查阅文献、工程分析和职业卫生学调查的方法进行职业病危害因素分析，依据《作业场所噪声测量规范》(WS/T69-1996）、《工作场所物理因素测量第8部分：噪声》(GBZ/T189.8-2007)、《作业场所空气中粉尘测定第一部分：总粉尘浓度》(GBZ/T192.1-2007）、《工作场所空气有毒物质测定—硫化物》(GBZ/T160.33-2004）、《工作场所空气有毒物质测定—无机含碳化合物》(GBZ/T160.28-2004）等国家标准方法对主要有害因素噪声、粉尘、硫化氢、二氧化硫、一氧化碳等进行浓(强）度监测，依托具有职业健康体检资质的职业卫生服务机构对研究对象的作业人员进行职业健康检查。结果:1.研究对象存在的主要职业病危害因素有：噪声、硫化氢、二氧化硫、一氧化碳、粉尘。接触机会主要是现场巡检、操作、泄漏或检修时，以噪声、硫化氢的接触机会最大。此外，还存在夜班作业，劳动时间过长的不合理的劳动制度，以及密闭空间作业时所带来的职业危害。2.除研究对象1的工作场所噪声强度有不合格点外，其余研究对象的噪声强度监测结果合格率为100%，各类风机和泵是主要噪声源和噪声关键控制点；研究对象作业场所包括硫化氢在内的主要化学有害因素的浓度均控制较好，均未出现化学因素超标的情况，阀门、管道或装置的接驳口、液硫池，以及检修岗位是硫化氢的关键控制点。3.研究对象的职业性健康监护受检率均高于90%，未发现职业禁忌者和职业病患者，但随着接噪工龄的增长，且防噪声耳塞使用率低，噪声的危害不容忽视。4.研究对象已采取了防尘毒、防暑降温、防噪声等措施，但存在不足之处。结论：针对本次调查的5家天然气净化企业：1.噪声、硫化氢是重点职业病危害因素。2.各类风机和泵是主要噪声源和噪声关键控制点；阀门、管道或装置的接驳口、液硫池口、以及检修岗位是硫化氢的关键控制点。3.职业健康监护工作应长期持续开展。4.企业重视职业卫生管理工作是防治职业病危害的核心，自动化、密闭化运行是保障作业场所有毒有害物质处于较低水平的关键，应急救援和个人防护措施是防止急性中毒的保障，合理的劳动制度和密闭空间作业的防护设计不容忽视。
[Abstract]:With the sustained and rapid growth of the national economy, the consumption demand of natural gas in China is increasing rapidly, and the gap between supply and demand is increasing year by year, which restricts the development of social economy. Therefore, in recent years, the natural gas purification project construction project has developed rapidly, and the occupational disease hazards caused by the natural gas purification project construction project can not be ignored, which has become a new topic in front of the society. This paper studies the occupational hazard analysis and control strategy of natural gas purification enterprises in Chongqing. Objective: to analyze the occupational hazards of natural gas purification enterprises in Chongqing, to discuss the occupational hazard factors and their harm degree, and to evaluate the existing control strategies and methods. To provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of occupational disease hazards in similar enterprises. Methods: five natural gas purification plants which have been completed and put into production in Chongqing were analyzed by consulting literature, engineering analysis and occupational hygiene investigation. According to the "Code for noise Measurement in workplaces" / WSR / T69-1996, < Measurement of physical factors in the Workplace-part 8: noise > GBZ / T189.8-2007, < determination of Dust in the Air of the Workplace part I: total Dust concentration > GBZ / T192.1-2007, < determination of toxic substances in Workplace Air-sulfides- National standard methods such as GBZ / T160.33-2004, determination of noxious substances in workplace air-inorganic carbohydrates > GBZ / T160.28-2004, etc., have a negative effect on the noise of major harmful factors. Dust, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide were monitored for concentration (strong) degree, and occupational health examination was carried out by the occupational health service organization with the qualification of occupational health examination. The result is 1: 1. The main occupational hazards were noise, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide and dust. Contact opportunities are mainly on-site inspection, operation, leakage or maintenance, noise, hydrogen sulfide contact is the greatest opportunity. In addition, there are night work, long hours of unreasonable labor system, as well as the work in confined space occupational hazards. 2. In addition to the unqualified point of noise intensity in the workplace of study object 1, the qualified rate of noise intensity monitoring results of other research objects is 100. All kinds of fans and pumps are the main noise sources and key noise control points. The concentration of major chemical harmful factors, including hydrogen sulfide, was well controlled, and no chemical factors exceeded the standard. Valve, pipe or device connection, liquid sulfur tank, And maintenance position is the key control point of hydrogen sulfide. 3. The rate of occupational health monitoring was higher than 90, and no occupational contraindication or occupational disease was found. However, with the increase of noise exposure and the low use rate of noise ear plugs, the harm of noise can not be ignored. Some measures have been taken to prevent dust poison, heat and temperature, and noise, but there are some shortcomings. Conclusion: the five natural gas purification enterprises investigated in this paper are: 1. 1. Noise, hydrogen sulfide is the key occupational hazards. All types of fans and pumps are the main noise sources and noise critical control points; valves, pipes or equipment connection, liquid sulfur pool port, and maintenance position is the key control point of hydrogen sulfide .3. Occupational health monitoring should be carried out continuously for a long time. Enterprises pay attention to occupational health management is the core of prevention and control of occupational disease hazards, automation, airtight operation is the key to ensure the lower level of toxic and harmful substances in the workplace. Emergency rescue and personal protective measures are the protection against acute poisoning. Reasonable labor system and protective design of closed space operation can not be ignored.
【学位授予单位】：第三军医大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R13

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