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泰安市煤矿工人尘肺病现状及其防治对策

发布时间:2018-07-08 11:57

  本文选题:尘肺 + 影响因素 ; 参考:《泰山医学院》2012年硕士论文


【摘要】:目的 分析泰安市尘肺病患病现状、变动趋势及发病危险因素,分析泰安市尘肺病防治、治疗存在的问题,为预防尘肺病提供科学依据,针对泰安市尘肺病患病现状,提出技术途径与措施。 方法 收集泰安市职业病医院2002-2006年确诊的具有诊断证明书的尘肺患者病例资料,按期别、工种、病种、年龄、粉尘接触年限、合并症、肺功能损伤程度、企业性质、季节、月份等进行统计,用Excel2003建立数据库。尘肺患者的诊断,根据《尘肺病诊断标准》(GBZ70--2002)进行,由泰安市职业病医院职业病诊断小组3名以上取得职业病诊断资格的执业医师集体诊断,诊断过程如实记录并备案。诊断结论根据半数以上诊断医师的一致意见形成,参与诊断的医师最后共同签名。 用SPSS15.0统计软件进行统计分析,包括χ2检验和logistic回归分析。 结果 1.发病概况:2002年--2006年泰安市确诊的具有诊断证明书的尘肺病病例资料645例,平均每年发病129例。均为男性。尘肺在冬季构成比最高,占全部病例的48.8%,其次是春季,占24.7%,秋季占15.0%,夏季占11.5%。 2.年龄别发病构成:20--岁年龄组占6.0%,41--岁年龄组占55.2%,在61岁以上组占38.8%。说明壮年组发病最高。 3.工种构成:掘进工种的尘肺病构成比最高,占44.8%,其次是采煤工(24.3%)、辅助工(13.0%)、回采工(7.3%)、运搬工(2.8%)、铸造工(2.5%)、电焊工(2.2%)、巷修工(1.9%)、水泥工(1.1%)、井下机电工(0.2%)。可见掘进工和采煤工两个工种是尘肺病发病高危工种。 4.接尘时间、单位性质、病种与发病:接触粉尘年限在21年--30年的尘肺构成比最高,占50.1%,其次是11年--20年,占29.5%,31年--40年,占11.5%,小于等于10年,占9.0%;国有企业的尘肺构成比最高,占87.4%,私有企业占12.6%;煤工尘肺的构成比最高,占93.0%,其次是矽肺(2.3%),铸工尘肺(2.2%),,水泥工尘肺(1.4%),电焊工尘肺(1.1%)。 5.肺功能损伤及合并症分析:无肺功能损伤的占全部病例的64.2%,肺功能轻度损伤的占7.4%,肺功能中度损伤的占28.4%;Ⅰ期尘肺占全部病例的89.0%,Ⅱ期尘肺占9.8%,Ⅲ期尘肺占1.2%;尘肺合并呼吸系统感染的构成比最高,占94.6%,其次是合并肺结核,占3.0%,合并肺心病,占1.6%,合并气胸,占0.8%。 肺功能损伤分级与年龄有相关性,χ2=83.185,P0.01;肺功能损伤分级与接触粉尘年限有相关性,χ2=39.062,P0.01;肺功能损伤分级与尘肺期别有相关性,χ2=41.104,P0.01。多因素分析证实接触粉尘年限、年龄等对肺功能损伤分级有影响。 结论 1.尘肺病的发病以壮年组最高,多数在冬季发病,提示我们冬季预防呼吸道感染为尘肺病防治的一个重要环节。 2.掘进工和采煤工是尘肺病发病最高危的两个工种,说明这两个工种的工作环境条件没有达到尘肺病防治的要求,即这两个工种是尘肺病预防控制的薄弱环节。 3.尘肺病易合并呼吸系统感染、肺结核、肺心病、气胸等并发症。以呼吸系统感染为主。这些并发症加重了病情的进展。积极及时地治疗并发症是延长患者寿命的重要内容。 4.国有企业尘肺病发病严重,与防尘制度的落实不到位,煤矿工人自我保护意识不高有关。提示我们必须加强督导和监督检查,贯彻落实预防为主的思想,才能有效地预防尘肺病的发生。 5.肺功能损伤分级与年龄、接触粉尘年限、尘肺期别有相关性。 6.建议应为尘肺病人注射卡介苗,在冬春季节注射流感疫苗,以增强机体的免疫力,防止合并症的发生。 7.有关部门应该加强防尘管理和组织领导,建立健全相应的规章制度,做好卫生监督,定期监测粉尘浓度。同时要大力加强职业病防护知识的宣传教育,提高煤矿工人的自我保护意识。
[Abstract]:Purpose

This paper analyzes the current situation , trend and risk factors of dust - lung disease in Taian City , analyzes the problems existing in the prevention and treatment of dust - lung diseases in Taian City , and provides scientific basis for the prevention of dust and lung diseases , and puts forward the technical means and measures for the current situation of the dust - lung disease in Taian City .

method

The diagnosis of patients with dust - lung disease was established according to the diagnostic criteria of occupational diseases ( GBZ70 - -2002 ) in Taian occupational disease hospital , and the diagnosis was recorded and recorded according to the diagnosis standard of occupational diseases ( GBZ70 - -2002 ) . The diagnosis conclusion was formed according to the agreement of more than half of the diagnosis physicians , and the doctor who participated in the diagnosis finally signed together .

Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 15.0 statistical software , including 蠂2 test and logistic regression analysis .

Results

1 . Overview of morbidity : In 2002 - 2006 , there were 645 cases of dust - related pulmonary disease diagnosed in Taian City in 2002 . The average rate was 129 cases per year . All cases were male . The dust - lung was the highest in winter , accounting for 48.8 % of all cases , followed by spring , accounting for 24 . 7 % , autumn in 15.0 % , and in summer 11.5 % .

2 . Age : 6.0 % of the 20 - year - old age group , 55.2 % of the 41 - year - old age group , and 38.8 % in the 61 - year - old group .

3 . There are two types of work species : the proportion of dust and lung disease of the tunneling work is the highest , accounting for 44.8 % , the second is the coal mining industry ( 24.03 % ) , the auxiliary worker ( 13.0 % ) , the welders ( 7.2 % ) , the roadway maintenance ( 1.9 % ) , the cement worker ( 1.1 % ) , the underground electro - mechanic ( 0.2 % ) .

4 . Dust exposure time , unit property , disease and morbidity : The dust - free years of exposure to dust ranged from 21 years to 30 years , accounting for 50.1 % , followed by 11 years - 20 years , accounting for 29 . 5 % , 31 - 40 years , 11.5 % , less than or equal to 10 years , accounting for 9.0 % ;
In the state - owned enterprises , the ratio of dust - to - lung was the highest , accounting for 87.4 % , and private enterprises accounted for 12.6 % ;
The composition ratio of the coal worker ' s dust - lung was 93.0 % , followed by the silicotic lung ( 2.3 % ) , the foundry dust - dust ( 2.2 % ) , the cement dust - dust ( 1.4 % ) , the electric welder ' s dust - lung ( 1.1 % ) .

5 . Analysis of lung function injury and complications : 64.2 % of all cases with no lung function injury , 7.4 % in lung function and 28 . 4 % of moderate lung injury ;
There were 89.0 % of all cases in stage 鈪

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