早期应激影响青少年抑郁的社会心理机制研究

发布时间：2018-08-23 19:22

【摘要】：目的了解武汉市青少年抑郁及早期应激状况，探索早期应激与青少年抑郁的关系及其社会心理作用机制，为预防及干预青少年抑郁，保障儿童青少年心理健康提供依据。方法采用现况研究方法，选取武汉市6所中小学，，重点学校与普通学校各3所，每一类型学校有小学（5，6年级）、初中和高中各一所，整群抽取9~18岁青少年。使用一般情况问卷、儿童抑郁症状量表、儿童期虐待自评量表及社会心理相关量表进行问卷调查。资料采用SPSS17.0进行描述性分析、t检验、2检验、方差分析和多元回归分析等，运用AMOS v18.0拟合结构方程模型。结果共调查2950人，回收有效问卷2888份，回收率为97.9%。小学692人，初中1137人，高中1059人；男女比为1.22:1。①青少年抑郁现况：抑郁症状检出率为14.3%，抑郁水平在15岁和高中最高，性别差异无统计学意义。②早期应激现况：早期应激检出率为51.9%，性别差异无统计学意义；13岁-15岁和初中的早期应激水平较高。③早期应激不同类型：情感虐待检出率（41.1%）最高，除忽视外男生高于女生；年龄、年级除性虐待外均有差异。④早期应激与青少年抑郁关系：抑郁组的早期应激检出率高于非抑郁组。除性虐待外，早期应激其他类型在抑郁组较多；早期应激及其以上三种类型可能增加青少年抑郁的发病危险。⑤相关社会心理因素：神经质和精神质在抑郁和早期应激组得分高，内外向得分较低；抑郁/早期应激学生的自尊、正向归因及社会支持得分较低，负向归因得分较高。⑥早期应激与抑郁关系的综合分析：青少年抑郁、早期应激分别与内外向、自尊、正向归因及社会支持负相关，与负向归因、精神质和神经质正相关；以上因素对早期应激和抑郁关系发挥不同强度的直接和/或间接效应。结论青少年抑郁情绪和早期应激检出率较高，在不同性别、年龄和年级间存在差异。人格、认知和社会支持等社会心理因素以不同途径影响早期应激与青少年抑郁的关系。因此，应加强青少年心理健康教育，注重从社会心理不同维度、层次促进其身心全面健康发展。
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate the depression and early stress of adolescents in Wuhan, and to explore the relationship between early stress and adolescent depression and the mechanism of their psychosocial effects, so as to provide the basis for preventing and intervening adolescent depression and safeguarding the mental health of children and adolescents. Methods six primary and middle schools in Wuhan were selected, 3 in key schools and 3 in general schools. Each type of school had primary school (grade 5 or grade 6), middle school and high school respectively. General situation questionnaire, child depression symptom scale, child abuse self-rating scale and psychosocial related scale were used to investigate the questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS17.0 and AMOS v18.0 were used to fit the structural equation model. Results A total of 2950 people were investigated, 2888 valid questionnaires were collected, and the recovery rate was 97.9%. The ratio of boys to girls was 1.22: 1.1 the prevalence of depression in adolescents was 14.3%, the depression level was the highest in 15 years old and the highest in high school. There was no significant difference in sex. 2 the prevalence of early stress was 51.9. There was no significant difference in sex between 13 and 15 years old and in junior high school. 3 different types of early stress: the rate of emotional abuse was the highest (41.1%). There were significant differences in age and grade except sexual abuse between early stress and adolescent depression: the detection rate of early stress in depression group was higher than that in non-depression group. In addition to sexual abuse, other types of early stress were more common in depression group. Early stress and the above three types may increase the risk of depression in adolescents. 5 related psychosocial factors: neuroticism and psychoticism score higher in depression and early stress group, lower score in introversion and extroversion; The scores of self-esteem, positive attribution and social support of depression / early stress students were lower, and negative attribution scores were higher. 6 the comprehensive analysis of the relationship between early stress and depression: adolescent depression, early stress and introversion, self-esteem; Positive attribution and social support were negatively correlated with negative attribution, psychoticism and neuroticism, and these factors had different direct and / or indirect effects on the relationship between early stress and depression. Conclusion the prevalence of depression and early stress in adolescents is higher than that in different genders, ages and grades. Social psychological factors such as personality, cognition and social support influence the relationship between early stress and adolescent depression in different ways. Therefore, we should strengthen the mental health education of adolescents, pay attention to promoting their physical and mental health development from different dimensions of social psychology.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R179

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