维吾尔族MODY家系膳食及营养状况分析

发布时间：2018-09-01 05:44

【摘要】：目的：通过对维吾尔族MODY家系、维吾尔族2型糖尿病人群、维吾尔族正常人群进行膳食调查，了解此3组人群的食物和营养素摄入水平，探讨MODY家系、2型糖尿病人群、正常人群在膳食及营养状况上是否存在差异。方法：本研究收集到3个新疆喀什、伊犁地区维吾尔族四代健在的MODY家系成员共72例，通过现场调查收集每个成员的一般资料，测量体格指标、血糖血脂水平，结果与其随访前的指标比较。采用半定量食物频率问卷调查方法对维吾尔族MODY家系、2型糖尿病人群、正常人群进行膳食调查，本次食物频率调查问卷包括9个类别的101种食物，食物摄入频率分类从“每月1～3次”到“每天3次”共8个类别。每次摄入量分类从“四分之一”到“三碗或碟以上”共8个量。膳食调查后，调查对象按不同性别、年龄、劳动强度分组，并且每个人的食物摄入量录入营养计算器V2.5软件，计算出来的各种营养素摄入量导入至excel，并采用SPSS17.0统计软件对数据进行分析处理。3组人群的食物摄入量分别与平衡膳食宝塔推荐摄入量比较，将3组人群的三大营养素供热比分别与中国、美国推荐比例和中华医学会糖尿病学分会、美国糖尿病协会建议的比例比较。三组人群的营养素摄入量分别与RNI和RDA进行比较。结果：①将MODY家系每一个成员随访后的体重、身高、BMI、腰围、臀围、WHR、空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖、TG、CHOL、HDL、LDL等指标与其随访前的指标比较发现，体重、身高、BMI、腰围、臀围有所增高，差异有统计学意义（P0.05）。而空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖、TG、CHOL与3年前比较有增高、HDL、LDL有降低，但差异均无统计学意义（P0.05）。②与中国平衡膳食宝塔推荐值比较，维吾尔族MODY家系和维吾尔族正常人群的谷类薯类、油脂类摄入超标，而维吾尔族2型糖尿病人群的符合推荐值。3组人群的禽畜肉类、大豆类及坚果和盐摄入量均高于推荐值，而奶类及奶制品，蛋类摄入量均低于推荐值。MODY家系的水果摄入量远远低于推荐值，只达到推荐值的0.76%。3组人群的鱼虾类摄入量均显著低于推荐值，分别达到推荐值的2.57%、3.01%、1.9%。③与RNI和RDA比较，3组人群中维生素B6、B12、叶酸和碘摄入量均较低，钠和烟酸摄入超标。MODY家系的维生素C和钙摄入量均低。轻、中体力劳动强度的女性维生素C摄入量分别只达RNI的26.35%、47.3%，轻、中、重体力劳动强度的男性维生素C摄入量分别占RNI的14.25%、23.04%、11.70%。男性的维生素C摄入量占RDA的18.14%，女性为70.89%。轻、中体力劳动强度的女性钙摄入量分别只达RNI的63.67%、42.00%。轻、中、重体力劳动强度的男性钙摄入量分别占RNI的49.94%、62.79%、60.56%。④维吾尔族MODY家系和正常人群的能量、蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物摄入量均高于RNI和RDA。而2型糖尿病人群的高于RDA。结论：维吾尔族MODY家系中谷类、肉类、油脂类、盐摄入过多，蔬菜水果、鱼虾类摄入极少和奶类摄入不足导致维吾尔族MODY家系成员热量摄入过多，而某些与糖代谢有关的维生素（维生素B6、维生素B12、叶酸、维生素C）和矿物质(钙、碘)的摄入不足，反而钠等对糖尿病不利的营养素却超标的膳食摄入特点。而2型糖尿病人群中严格控制饮食的概念使他们体内所需要的维生素和矿物质受到一定程度的限制。正常维吾尔族人群由于对饮食没有任何控制，，可能会增加其因为饮食原因加入糖尿病患者行列的风险。应该加强利用维吾尔语言和文字进行健康教育，以提高其科学膳食的知识水平。本研究还表明膳食因素是导致维吾尔族糖尿病高发的重要因素之一。本研究结果将为维吾尔族人群中开展疾病一级预防提供科学依据，为今后的行为干预与研究奠定重要的前期研究基础。
[Abstract]:Objective: To investigate the dietary intake of food and nutrients among Uygur MODY family, Uygur type 2 diabetes mellitus population and Uygur normal population, and to explore whether there are differences in dietary and nutritional status among these three groups of people. A total of 72 members of four generations of Uygur MODY families in Kashgar and Yili areas of Xinjiang were enrolled in this study. The general data of each member were collected through field investigation, and the physical indexes, blood glucose and lipid levels were measured. The results were compared with those before follow-up. Semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to investigate the MODY families of Uygur and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The food frequency questionnaire included 101 kinds of food in 9 categories. The frequency of food intake ranged from 1-3 times a month to 3 times a day in 8 categories. Labor intensity grouping, and each person's food intake into the nutrition calculator V2.5 software, the calculated nutrient intake into excel, and the use of SPSS17.0 statistical software for data analysis and processing. The nutrient intake of the three groups was compared with that of RNI and RDA. Results: 1. Weight, height, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, WHR, fasting blood glucose, meals of each member of the MODY family were followed up. After 2 hours of blood glucose, TG, CHOL, HDL, LDL and other indicators compared with the pre-follow-up indicators found that weight, height, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference increased, the difference was statistically significant (P 0.05). But fasting blood glucose, 2 hours postprandial blood glucose, TG, CHOL and 3 years ago compared to increase, HDL, LDL decreased, but the difference was not statistically significant (P 0.05). Compared with the recommended values, the intake of cereals, potatoes and oils in Uygur MODY family and Uygur normal population exceeded the recommended values, while the intake of meat, soybeans, nuts and salt in poultry and livestock of Uygur type 2 diabetes mellitus group were higher than the recommended values, while the intake of milk and dairy products and eggs were lower than the recommended values. The intake of fish and shrimp was significantly lower than the recommended value (2.57%, 3.01%, 1.9%). Compared with RNI and RDA, the intake of vitamin B6, B12, folic acid and iodine was lower in the three groups, and the intake of sodium and nicotinic acid exceeded the recommended value (0.76%). The intake of vitamin C was only 26.35%, 47.3% in women with moderate physical labor intensity, 14.25%, 23.04% and 11.70% in men with light, moderate and heavy physical labor intensity respectively. The intake of vitamin C in men accounted for 18.14% of RDA and 70.89% in women with light and moderate physical labor intensity. Calcium intake of light, moderate and heavy physical labor intensity men accounted for 49.94%, 62.79% and 60.56% of RNI respectively. (4) Energy, protein, fat and carbohydrate intake of Uygur MODY family and normal population were higher than those of RNI and RDA. Excessive intake of cereals, meat, fats, salt, vegetables, fruits, fish and shrimps, and insufficient intake of milk led to excessive calorie intake in Uygur MODY family members, while some vitamins (vitamin B6, vitamin B12, folic acid, vitamin C) and minerals (calcium, iodine) related to glucose metabolism were inadequate intake, but sodium and so on to diabetes mellitus. The concept of strict diet control in type 2 diabetics limits the vitamins and minerals they need to a certain extent. Normal Uygurs, who have no control over their diet, may increase their participation in diabetes for dietary reasons. This study also showed that dietary factors were one of the important factors leading to the high incidence of diabetes in Uygurs. The results of this study will provide a scientific basis for the primary prevention of diseases in Uygur population, and for the future. It lays an important foundation for intervention and research.
【学位授予单位】：新疆医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R151.45;R587.1

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