洛阳市农村饮水水质现况及肠道传染病流行状况分析
发布时间：2018-09-01 09:25
【摘要】：目的 通过对洛阳市9县(市)农村饮用水集中式供水工程监测数据进行统计分析,从卫生学角度对洛阳市农村地区生活饮用水的水质状况以及相关影响因素进行评价,发现存在的主要饮水卫生问题。同时结合2009-2011年肠道传染病的发病情况,对洛阳市农村地区饮用水安全的现况进行综合评价与分析,为有关决策部门制定科学有效的卫生防病措施提供依据。 方法 按分层随机抽样原则选择洛阳市9县(市)(含县城)农村集中式供水供水量达20吨/日以上的农村饮水安全集中式供水工程的水质监测结果进行分析,分别于枯水期、丰水期采集水样,进行水质感官性状、一般化学指标、毒理学、细菌学指标检测。spss12.0软件分析该9县(市)2009-2011年肠道传染病的时间分布、人群分布及地区分布等,并对2009-2011年农村饮用水水质合格率与肠道传染病发病率的相关性进行分析。 结果 1.2011年洛阳市农村地区集中式供水水源以地下深井水为主,占56.79%；在本次调查的243个农村安全饮水工程中,仅有22个供水点进行了净化和消毒处理,占9.05%,其余供水点只采取了沉淀、过滤或消毒部分处理。对9县(市)丰水期、枯水期的出厂水和末梢水进行检测,检测合格率最高86.45%,最低23.00%。其中臭和味均无超标；各项检测指标中色度、氯化物、砷均不超标；而总大肠菌群除孟津县、汝阳县外其余县区均出现超标。 2.洛阳市9县(市)肠道传染病发病率情况：洛宁县呈下降趋势,2009年最高,逐年下降；孟津县、新安县、栾川县、嵩县、汝阳县、宜阳县和偃师市发病率呈上升趋势,2011年最高,逐年上升；伊川县呈现上下波动趋势。2009-2011年9县(市)肠道传染病发病主要年龄组均为0-5岁组,重点人群均为散居儿童和农民。 3.未观察到洛阳9县(市)2009-2011年农村饮用水水质合格率与肠道传染病发病率有相关性。 结论 1.洛阳市9县(市)农村地区饮用水问题主要表现为：一般化学指标中的总硬度、硫酸盐、溶解性总固体、铁超标,毒理学指标中的氟化物、硝酸盐超标,微生物学指标中总大肠菌群、菌落总数、耐热大肠菌群超标。 2.洛阳市9县(市)肠道传染病发病重点人群为0-5岁年龄组以及散居儿童和农民；因此要加强介水传染病的监测,尤其是对重点人群的防控。
[Abstract]:Objective to analyze the monitoring data of rural drinking water centralized water supply project in 9 counties (cities) of Luoyang City. The quality of drinking water in rural areas of Luoyang city was evaluated from the point of view of hygiene, and the main drinking water sanitation problems were found. Combined with the incidence of intestinal infectious diseases from 2009 to 2011, the present situation of drinking water safety in rural areas of Luoyang City was comprehensively evaluated and analyzed, which provided the basis for the relevant decision-making departments to formulate scientific and effective health and disease prevention measures. Methods according to the principle of stratified random sampling, the water quality monitoring results of rural drinking water safety centralized water supply project in 9 counties (including county towns) in Luoyang were analyzed. Water samples were collected during dry and high water periods to analyze the time distribution, population distribution and regional distribution of intestinal infectious diseases in the nine counties (cities) from 2009 to 2011 by using the software .spss12.0 to detect the sensory properties, general chemical indexes, toxicology and bacteriological indexes of water quality. The correlation between the qualified rate of drinking water quality and the incidence of intestinal infectious diseases in rural areas from 2009 to 2011 was analyzed. Results 1. In 2011, the main source of centralized water supply in rural areas of Luoyang city was underground deep well water, accounting for 56.79%. Of 243 rural safe drinking water projects investigated, only 22 water supply sites were purified and disinfected. Account for 9.05, the rest of the water point only take precipitation, filtration or disinfection part of the treatment. In the high water season and dry season of 9 counties (cities), the qualified rate was 86.45% and 23.00% respectively. Among them, the odor and taste were not exceeded the standard; the chroma, chloride and arsenic were not exceeded; and the total coliform bacteria, except Mengjin county and Ruyang county, were all over the standard. 2. 2. Incidence of intestinal infectious diseases in 9 counties (cities) of Luoyang City: the incidence rate of intestinal infectious diseases in Luoning County showed a downward trend, which was the highest in 2009, and decreased year by year; the incidence rate in Mengjin County, Xin'an County, Luanchuan County, Song County, Ruyang County, Yiyang County and Yanshi County showed an upward trend, and reached its highest level in 2011. The main age groups of intestinal infectious diseases in 9 counties (cities) from 2009 to 2011 were 0-5 years old, and the key population were scattered children and farmers. No correlation was observed between the qualified rate of drinking water quality and the incidence of intestinal infectious diseases in 9 counties (cities) of Luoyang from 2009 to 2011. Conclusion 1. The main problems of drinking water in rural areas in 9 counties (cities) of Luoyang are as follows: total hardness, sulfate, soluble solids, iron exceeding standard, fluoride and nitrate in toxicological indexes. The total coliform group, colony total and heat resistant coliform group in microbiological indexes exceed the standard. 2. 2. The key population of intestinal infectious diseases in 9 counties (cities) of Luoyang is the age group of 0-5 years as well as the scattered children and farmers, so it is necessary to strengthen the surveillance of water-borne diseases, especially the prevention and control of the key population.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R123.5
本文编号：2216764
[Abstract]:Objective to analyze the monitoring data of rural drinking water centralized water supply project in 9 counties (cities) of Luoyang City. The quality of drinking water in rural areas of Luoyang city was evaluated from the point of view of hygiene, and the main drinking water sanitation problems were found. Combined with the incidence of intestinal infectious diseases from 2009 to 2011, the present situation of drinking water safety in rural areas of Luoyang City was comprehensively evaluated and analyzed, which provided the basis for the relevant decision-making departments to formulate scientific and effective health and disease prevention measures. Methods according to the principle of stratified random sampling, the water quality monitoring results of rural drinking water safety centralized water supply project in 9 counties (including county towns) in Luoyang were analyzed. Water samples were collected during dry and high water periods to analyze the time distribution, population distribution and regional distribution of intestinal infectious diseases in the nine counties (cities) from 2009 to 2011 by using the software .spss12.0 to detect the sensory properties, general chemical indexes, toxicology and bacteriological indexes of water quality. The correlation between the qualified rate of drinking water quality and the incidence of intestinal infectious diseases in rural areas from 2009 to 2011 was analyzed. Results 1. In 2011, the main source of centralized water supply in rural areas of Luoyang city was underground deep well water, accounting for 56.79%. Of 243 rural safe drinking water projects investigated, only 22 water supply sites were purified and disinfected. Account for 9.05, the rest of the water point only take precipitation, filtration or disinfection part of the treatment. In the high water season and dry season of 9 counties (cities), the qualified rate was 86.45% and 23.00% respectively. Among them, the odor and taste were not exceeded the standard; the chroma, chloride and arsenic were not exceeded; and the total coliform bacteria, except Mengjin county and Ruyang county, were all over the standard. 2. 2. Incidence of intestinal infectious diseases in 9 counties (cities) of Luoyang City: the incidence rate of intestinal infectious diseases in Luoning County showed a downward trend, which was the highest in 2009, and decreased year by year; the incidence rate in Mengjin County, Xin'an County, Luanchuan County, Song County, Ruyang County, Yiyang County and Yanshi County showed an upward trend, and reached its highest level in 2011. The main age groups of intestinal infectious diseases in 9 counties (cities) from 2009 to 2011 were 0-5 years old, and the key population were scattered children and farmers. No correlation was observed between the qualified rate of drinking water quality and the incidence of intestinal infectious diseases in 9 counties (cities) of Luoyang from 2009 to 2011. Conclusion 1. The main problems of drinking water in rural areas in 9 counties (cities) of Luoyang are as follows: total hardness, sulfate, soluble solids, iron exceeding standard, fluoride and nitrate in toxicological indexes. The total coliform group, colony total and heat resistant coliform group in microbiological indexes exceed the standard. 2. 2. The key population of intestinal infectious diseases in 9 counties (cities) of Luoyang is the age group of 0-5 years as well as the scattered children and farmers, so it is necessary to strengthen the surveillance of water-borne diseases, especially the prevention and control of the key population.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R123.5
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