煤矿工人职业紧张与健康状况关系的流行病学调查

发布时间：2018-09-05 20:46

【摘要】：目的:了解新疆煤矿工人职业紧张和身心健康的现状及其影响因素,为煤矿工人身心健康制定有效的预防措施与策略提供科学依据。方法:采取整群抽样的方法,对某地1400名工龄一年以上的煤矿工人进行一般人口学问卷、付出-回报失衡问卷(ERI)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、职业倦怠感量表(MBI)等调查,同时随机抽取508名煤矿工人进行职业健康体检。结果:1.此次研究共发放1400份问卷,有效问卷1334份,有效率为95.28%。2.不同性别和轮班状况的煤矿工人ERI各模块得分不同(P0.05),男性高于女性,两班倒高于其他组;不同民族的工人在工作付出、投入上得分不同(P0.05);工龄?30组的人群工作投入得分最高,且随着工龄的增加,工作回报得分越高;运输操作工的工作付出得分最低,安监工的工作回报得分最高;不同年收入的工人仅在工作付出得分上有差异(P0.05);不同民族、工龄、工种和文化程度的煤矿工人付出-回报比ERI有差异(P0.05)。3.煤矿工人累计中度及以上程度职业倦怠的检出率为51.1%。男性人群职业倦怠水平高于女性;汉族人群的情感耗竭得分高于少数民族;随着工龄的增加,情感耗竭得分、人格解体得分和职业倦怠总得分也随着增加;三班两倒人群的情感耗竭得分、人格解体得分和职业倦怠总得分最高;不同文化程度人群在职业倦怠总分上不同(P0.05);不同年收入人群仅在成就感降低上的得分不同(P0.05);安监工的情感耗竭得分、人格解体得分和职业倦怠总得分最高;随着职业紧张水平的增加,职业倦怠水平也伴随着增加。4.煤矿工人抑郁症状的发生率为35.5%。不同性别、工种、倒班情况的煤矿工人抑郁症状发生率不同(P0.05),男性工人高于女性,安监工和两班倒人群的抑郁症状发生率最高;职业紧张水平和职业倦怠程度越高,抑郁症状检出率越高。5.职业倦怠与职业紧张呈正相关;抑郁与工作付出、内在投入、情感耗竭及人格解体呈正相关,与工作回报和成就感降低呈负相关(P0.001)。6.性别、工龄、工作付出和ERI是影响煤矿工人职业倦怠的主要因素;工龄、轮班、工作付出、工作回报、ERI、情感耗竭、人格解体和职业倦怠水平是影响煤矿工人抑郁症状的主要因素(P0.05)。7.生理健康异常检出率排序前五的是高血脂、高血压、心电图异常、肝功能异常和脂肪肝。不同工龄、工种、婚姻状况、年收入、饮酒情况和体质指数的煤矿工人高血脂检出率有差异(P0.05);不同工龄组、工种、轮班情况、婚姻状况、饮酒情况和体质指数的煤矿工人高血压检出率不同(P0.05);不同文化程度和体质指数的煤矿工人心电图异常率不同(P0.05);不同性别、饮酒情况和体质指数的煤矿工人肝功能异常率不同(P0.05);不同工龄、轮班情况、年收入、饮酒情况和体质指数的煤矿工人脂肪肝检出率不同(P0.05);随着工龄的增加,高血脂、高血压及脂肪肝的检出率随之增大;经常饮酒和肥胖人群的高血脂、高血压、肝功能异常及脂肪肝检出率最高;职业紧张水平高的人群,高血压检出率高;随着职业倦怠水平的增加,高血脂的检出率也随之增大;随着抑郁水平的增加,高血压的检出率也随之升高,而高血脂的检出率却降低。8.年龄、年收入、BMI是高血脂的危险因素;年龄、轮班、饮酒、BMI、ERI和抑郁程度是高血压的危险因素;工龄和BMI是心电图异常的危险因素;轮班、吸烟、饮酒、年收入和BMI是脂肪肝的危险因素。结论:煤矿工人的职业紧张状况较严重;职业紧张程度越高,心理卫生状态越差;心血管疾病和肝脏疾病是防治的重点。
[Abstract]:Objective: To understand the status quo and influencing factors of occupational stress and physical and mental health of coal miners in Xinjiang, and to provide scientific basis for formulating effective preventive measures and strategies for their physical and mental health. At the same time, 508 coal miners were randomly sampled for occupational health examination. Results: 1. 1400 questionnaires were sent out in this study, 1334 valid questionnaires, the effective rate was 95.28%. 2. Different gender and shift status of coal miners had different scores of each module of ERI (P 0.05), and men had different scores (P 0.05). Higher than women, the two shifts are higher than other groups; workers of different nationalities have different scores on work effort and investment (P There were significant differences in the scores of work-related burnout (P 0.05) among the coal miners of different nationalities, ages, types of work and educational levels (P 0.05). Minority nationalities; with the increase of working age, emotional exhaustion score, personality disintegration score and total burnout score also increased; the emotional exhaustion score, personality disintegration score and total burnout score of the three shifts and two shifts group were the highest; the total score of job burnout was different in different educational level group (P 0.05); different income group was only in the sense of achievement. The scores of emotional exhaustion, personality disintegration and job burnout were the highest among the safety supervisors. With the increase of occupational stress, the level of job burnout also increased. 4. The incidence of depressive symptoms in coal miners was 35.5%. The incidence of depressive symptoms in coal miners with different sex, type of work and shift work was 35.5%. Different (P 0.05), male workers were higher than female workers, and the incidence of depressive symptoms was the highest among safety supervisors and two shift workers; the higher the level of occupational stress and burnout, the higher the detection rate of depressive symptoms. Sex, length of service, work effort and ERI were the main factors affecting the job burnout of coal miners; length of service, shift, work effort, work return, ERI, emotional exhaustion, personality disintegration and job burnout were the main factors affecting the depressive symptoms of coal miners (P 0.05). The first five rankings were hyperlipidemia, hypertension, abnormal electrocardiogram, abnormal liver function and fatty liver. The detection rates of hyperlipidemia were different among coal miners with different working years, types of work, marital status, annual income, drinking status and body mass index (P 0.05); coal miners with different working age groups, types of work, shift status, marital status, drinking status and body mass index (BMI). The detection rate of hypertension was different (P 0.05); the abnormal rate of ECG was different in coal miners with different education level and body mass index (P 0.05); the abnormal rate of liver function was different in coal miners with different sex, drinking status and body mass index (P 0.05); the detection rate of fatty liver was not significant in coal miners with different working age, shift status, annual income, drinking status and body mass index. The same (P 0.05); with the increase of working age, the detection rate of hyperlipidemia, hypertension and fatty liver increased; the detection rate of hyperlipidemia, hypertension, abnormal liver function and fatty liver was the highest in people who often drink alcohol and obesity; the detection rate of hypertension was high in people with high occupational stress level; the detection rate of hyperlipidemia was also high with the increase of occupational burnout level. Age, annual income, BMI are the risk factors of hyperlipidemia; age, shift, drinking, BMI, ERI and depression are the risk factors of hypertension; length of service and BMI are the risk factors of abnormal ECG; shift, smoking, drinking, years Income and BMI were the risk factors of fatty liver. Conclusion: The occupational stress of coal miners was serious, the higher the occupational stress, the worse the mental health status. Cardiovascular disease and liver disease were the focus of prevention and treatment.
【学位授予单位】：新疆医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R135

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