2002-2012年中国居民零食消费状况及影响因素
发布时间：2018-09-09 19:53
【摘要】：目的1.分析2002-2012年我国6岁及以上居民零食消费状况、变化及其影响因素,为制定零食相关政策提供科学依据。2.利用《中国食物成分库》(2002版、2004版)数据,分析我国6岁及以上居民零食对能量及营养素的贡献。3.探讨中国居民零食消费与超重肥胖之间的关系,为改善中国居民超重肥胖状况提供科学依据。方法1.研究对象纳入的研究对象为“2002年中国居民营养与健康状况调查”与“2012年中国居民营养与健康状况监测”中参加膳食调查和医学体检的6岁及以上所有人群(孕妇除外)。2.研究方法将3天24小时膳食回顾调查数据,与《中国食物成分表》(2002版和2004版)中的食物编码、食物成分等信息合并,形成总的膳食数据库,结合人口学资料和健康状况数据,分析2002年营养调查和2012年营养监测6岁及以上中国居民零食消费率、消费量、对能量及主要营养素的贡献等。利用SAS9.4拟合多水平线性回归模型,探讨中国居民零食消费的影响因素及与超重肥胖之间的关系。结果1.研究人群基本情况2002年纳入研究对象55079人,其中零食消费者17687人,消费人群中最多的是城市、男性、35～49岁、中等文化程度、高收入水平的人群。2012年纳入研究对象49465人,其中零食消费者21032人,消费人群中最多的是城市、女性、50～64岁、中等文化程度、中等收入水平的人群。2.零食消费率2002年我国6岁及以上居民的零食消费率为35.1%,城市为50.7%,农村为23.6%,其中6～11岁城市女童消费率最高,为41.8%;2012年6岁及以上居民的零食消费率为44.8%,城市和农村分别为53.5%和32.6%,其中6-11岁城市女童消费率最高,为67.8%。与2002年相比,2012年我国6岁及以上居民零食消费率增长了 9.7个百分点。2002年和2012年的零食消费率均随文化程度、收入水平的升高而上升。2002年消费率最高的前五类零食依次为水果类30.3%、糕点甜品类4.2%、谷薯杂粮类3.9%、豆类及坚果3.6%和奶及制品3.5%。2012年消费率最高的前五类零食依次为水果类37.0%、糕点甜品类9.0%、豆类及坚果7.6%、奶及奶制品6.9%、饮料类3.9%。从2002年到2012年,谷薯杂粮类零食消费率明显下降,饮料类消费率上升。3.零食消费的影响因素分析科学建立多水平模型分析表明,在扣除“监测点效应”之后,2002年和2012年居民是否消费零食的主要影响因素一致,分别为地区、性别、年龄、文化程度、收入水平、是否锻炼、是否吸烟、是否饮酒、是否吃早餐和膳食总能量。与2002年相比,2012年城乡居民零食消费率差异缩小,而性别之间零食消费率差异增加。2012年城市居民摄入零食的几率是农村居民的3.06倍;女性摄入零食几率是男性的1.57倍;6～11岁儿童青少年和65岁及以上成人零食消费最高,前者的几率是后者的3.08倍;而文化程度、收入水平越高,零食消费几率越高;从生活方式来看,参加锻炼、饮酒、不吸烟、不吃早餐的人更倾向于吃零食;从饮食因素来看,零食消费与膳食总能量呈正相关。4.消费人群的分布特征从零食消费人群的分布来看,2002年和2012年我国6岁及以上消费人群的构成比均为城市大于农村,2002年35～49岁居民构成比最大,到2012年构成比最大的年龄组为50～64岁成人,消费人群的分布有向城市化、大龄化转变的趋势,且性别间的差异增大。从零食的消费时间来看,有由晚间摄入向白天摄入转变的趋势,且主要变化的是糕点甜品类、饮料类等高能量零食。零食的消费地点以在家的构成比最大,在家吃零食的比例2002年为94.4%,2012年则为95.1%;零食的消费频率来看,达到每天吃1次零食的人群构成比增大,由2002年的40.8%上升到2012年的49.1%。5.消费人群的零食消费量2012年消费人群的总零食摄入量平均值为146.0克/日,低于2002年的165.0克/日(P0.0001)。2002年到2012年,零食消费量最高的人群由12～17岁城市女童(241.2克/日)转变为6～11岁城市男童(242.0克/日)。2002年与2012年消费人群的零食消费量均为城市高于农村,男性高于女性,随文化程度的升高、收入水平的升高,零食消费量均上升。从零食消费种类来看,2002-2012年消费人群谷薯杂粮类、速食类、含酒饮料类平均每日消费量呈上升趋势,但豆类及坚果、水果类、蔬菜类、奶及制品、糕点甜品类的消费量呈下降趋势(P0.0001)。2002年摄入量最多的零食依次为奶及制品、水果类、含酒饮料类、饮料类、蔬菜类;2012年依次为含酒饮料类、谷薯杂粮类、奶及制品、水果类、饮料类。2002年到2012年,零食消费种类相似,但消费次序略有不同。6.消费人群的零食供能及营养素2012年我国6岁及以上消费人群的零食供能量为125.1Kcal,零食供能比城市高于农村(P0.0001),女性高于男性(P0.0001),其中6-11岁城市女童零食供能比最高。与2002年的133.0Kcal相比,零食供能呈上升趋势(P0.0001),且高消费人群6～11岁城市女童的零食供能比由2002年的9.8%上升到2012年的10.8%。从零食种类来看,2002年到2012年含酒饮料类供能比上升,谷薯杂粮类、豆类及坚果、水果类、蔬菜类、糕点甜品类、速食类的供能比均下降,年间差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。2012年消费人群零食提供的主要宏量营养素为碳水化合物21.0g/天、蛋白质2.8g/天、脂肪3.5g/天。零食提供的主要其他营养素及占总膳食营养素摄入的比例分别为:维生素C(17.8%)、维生素E(17.4%)、胡萝卜素(15.8%)、膳食纤维(14.5%)、碘(13.2%)、维生素 A(13.1%)、钾(12.2%)和钙(10.3%)。7.是否消费零食与超重肥胖的关系探索多水平Logistic回归模型的结果表明,在调整了年份、性别、年龄、城乡、文化程度、家庭人均年收入、是否锻炼、是否吸烟、是否饮酒、是否睡眠充足、是否吃早餐、膳食总能量的影响之后,是否消费零食与6岁及以上居民超重肥胖可能有一定的相关性(OR=1.06,P=0.0448)。结论我国6岁及以上居民的零食消费率从2002年的35.1%上升到2012年的44.8%,其中城市高于农村,女性高于男性。消费人群的分布有城市化、大龄化的趋势,且性别间的差异增大;零食消费有由晚间转变为白天的趋势;消费地点以在家为主;消费频率以达到每天吃1次零食的人群构成比由2002年的40.8%上升到2012年的49.1%。从2002年到2012年,消费人群的零食总摄入量有所下降(P0.0001),其中谷薯杂粮类平均每日消费量呈上升趋势,但豆类及坚果、水果类、蔬菜类、奶及制品的消费量呈下降趋势;另外,速食类、含酒饮料类的消费量呈上升趋势,糕点甜品类的消费量呈下降趋势(P0.0001)。零食消费量最高的人群由12～17岁城市女童(241.2克/日)转变为6-11岁城市男童(242.0克/日)。零食供能量由2002年的133.0Kcal下降到2012年的125.1Kcal,呈下降趋势;其中,含酒饮料类供能比上升,谷薯杂粮类、豆类及坚果、水果类、蔬菜类、糕点甜品类、速食类的供能比均下降,年间差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。分析显示,零食还提供了丰富的营养素,如维生素C、维生素E、胡萝卜素、膳食纤维、碘、维生素A、钾和钙,补充了人体健康的需要。目前中国居民的零食摄入量虽然尚处于较低水平,但呈上升趋势,需要引起足够的重视。探索性分析发现中国居民是否消费零食与超重肥胖可能具有一定相关性(OR=1.06)。
[Abstract]:Objective 1. To analyze the snack consumption status, changes and influencing factors of residents aged 6 years and over in China from 2002 to 2012, so as to provide scientific basis for formulating snack-related policies. 2. To analyze the contribution of snacks to energy and nutrients by using the data from China Food Composition Database (2002, 2004). The relationship between overweight and obesity provides a scientific basis for improving the overweight and obesity status of Chinese residents. Methods 1. The subjects included in the study were all the people aged 6 years and above who participated in dietary survey and medical examination in the "2002 Survey of Nutrition and Health Status of Chinese Residents" and "2012 Surveillance of Nutrition and Health Status of Chinese Residents". Group (except pregnant women). 2. The data of the 3-day 24-hour dietary retrospective survey were merged with the information of food coding and food composition in the "China Food Composition Table" (2002 and 2004 editions) to form a total dietary database. Combined with demographic data and health status data, the nutritional survey in 2002 and nutritional monitoring in 2012 were analyzed. The snack consumption rate, consumption, contribution to energy and major nutrients of Chinese residents were studied by using SAS 9.4 fitting multilevel linear regression model. The influencing factors of snack consumption and the relationship between snack consumption and overweight and obesity were discussed. Results 1. The basic situation of the study population was included in 55079 subjects in 2002, including 17 687 snack consumers. In 2012, 49 465 people were included in the study, including 21 432 snack consumers. The largest number of consumers were urban, female, 50-64 years old, middle education, middle income level. 2. Snack consumption rate in 2002 in China was 6 years old and above. The snack consumption rate of residents was 35.1%, 50.7% in urban areas and 23.6% in rural areas. The consumption rate of urban girls aged 6-11 was 41.8%, 44.8% in 2012, 53.5% in urban areas and 32.6% in rural areas, respectively. The consumption rate of urban girls aged 6-11 was the highest, 67.8% in 2012 compared with 2002. The consumption rate of snacks in 2002 and 2012 increased by 9.7 percentage points. The top five categories of snacks in 2002 were fruit 30.3%, pastry and dessert 4.2%, cereal and potato 3.9%, legumes and nuts 3.6% and dairy products 3.5%. From 2002 to 2012, the consumption rate of cereals, potatoes, cereals, cereals and cereals declined significantly, and the consumption rate of drinks increased. After the dot effect, the main influencing factors of snack consumption in 2002 and 2012 were the same, namely, region, sex, age, education level, income level, whether to exercise, whether to smoke, whether to drink, whether to eat breakfast and total dietary energy. In 2012, urban residents were 3.06 times more likely to consume snacks than rural residents; women were 1.57 times more likely to consume snacks than men; children and adolescents aged 6-11 and adults aged 65 and over were the highest, with the former being 3.08 times more likely to consume snacks than the latter; and the higher the educational level, the higher the income level, the higher the snacks consumption rate; and the higher the snacks consumption rate. In terms of lifestyle, people who take part in exercise, drink, smoke, and do not eat breakfast are more likely to eat snacks; in terms of dietary factors, snack consumption is positively correlated with total dietary energy. 4. Distribution characteristics of consumer groups from the distribution of snack consumers, in 2002 and 2012, the proportion of Chinese consumers aged 6 years and over is greater than that of urban residents. In the countryside, the proportion of residents aged 35-49 is the largest in 2002, and in 2012, the proportion of adults aged 50-64 is the largest. The distribution of consumers tends to be urbanized and aged, and the difference between the sexes increases. From the consumption time of snacks, there is a trend from nightingestion to dayingestion, and the main change is cake. The proportion of snacks consumed at home was 94.4% in 2002 and 95.1% in 2012. The frequency of snacks consumed increased from 40.8% in 2002 to 49.1% in 2012. The average snack intake in 2012 was 146.0 g/day, lower than 165.0 g/day in 2002 (P 0.0001). From 2002 to 2012, the highest snack consumption group changed from urban girls aged 12-17 (241.2 g/day) to urban boys aged 6-11 (242.0 g/day). The snack consumption in 2002 and 2012 was urban. The average daily consumption of cereals, potatoes and cereals, fast food and alcoholic beverages was on the rise from 2002 to 2012, but legumes and nuts, fruits, vegetables, dairy and products, pastries and desserts were on the rise. The consumption of snacks in 2002 was milk and products, fruits, alcoholic beverages, beverages and vegetables, and in 2012 was alcoholic beverages, cereals and cereals, dairy and products, fruits and beverages. From 2002 to 2012, the consumption of snacks was similar, but the order of consumption was slightly different.6. The snack energy and nutrients of the population aged 6 years and over in China in 2012 were 125.1 Kcal, the snack energy ratio in urban areas was higher than that in rural areas (P 0.0001), and that in females was higher than that in males (P 0.0001). The energy supply ratio of snacks for urban girls aged 6-11 increased from 9.8% in 2002 to 10.8% in 2012. The energy supply ratio of alcoholic beverages, cereals and potatoes, legumes and nuts, fruits, vegetables, pastries and desserts, and fast food decreased from 2002 to 2012. The difference was statistically significant (P 0.01). The major macronutrients provided by snacks were carbohydrate 21.0g/day, protein 2.8g/day, fat 3.5g/day. The major other nutrients provided by snacks and their proportion to total dietary nutrients intake were vitamin C (17.8%), vitamin E (17.4%), carotene (15.8%), dietary fiber (14.5%), iodine (13.2%) and vitamin A (13.2%). 1%, potassium (12.2%) and calcium (10.3%).7. The relationship between snack consumption and overweight and obesity was explored by multilevel logistic regression model. The results showed that the effects of years, gender, age, urban and rural areas, educational level, family income per capita, whether to exercise, whether to smoke, whether to drink alcohol, whether to eat breakfast, total dietary energy were adjusted. Conclusion The snack consumption rate of residents aged 6 and over in China has increased from 35.1% in 2002 to 44.8% in 2012, in which urban areas are higher than rural areas and women are higher than men. The proportion of people who consumed snacks once a day increased from 40.8% in 2002 to 49.1% in 2012. From 2002 to 2012, the total snack intake of consumers decreased (P 0.0001), including cereals, potatoes and cereals. Mean daily consumption showed an upward trend, but consumption of beans and nuts, fruits, vegetables, dairy and products showed a downward trend; in addition, consumption of fast food, alcoholic beverages and pastries and desserts showed a downward trend (P 0.0001). The highest consumption of snacks was from urban girls aged 12 to 17 (241.2 g/day). The energy supply of snacks decreased from 133.0 Kcal in 2002 to 125.1 Kcal in 2012, and the energy supply ratio of alcoholic beverages, cereals and cereals, legumes and nuts, fruits, vegetables, pastries and desserts, and instant foods decreased significantly (P 0.01). The analysis shows that snacks also provide abundant nutrients, such as vitamin C, vitamin E, carotene, dietary fiber, iodine, vitamin A, potassium and calcium, which supplement human health needs. There is a certain correlation between whether people consume snacks and overweight or obesity (OR=1.06).
【学位授予单位】：中国疾病预防控制中心
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R151
[Abstract]:Objective 1. To analyze the snack consumption status, changes and influencing factors of residents aged 6 years and over in China from 2002 to 2012, so as to provide scientific basis for formulating snack-related policies. 2. To analyze the contribution of snacks to energy and nutrients by using the data from China Food Composition Database (2002, 2004). The relationship between overweight and obesity provides a scientific basis for improving the overweight and obesity status of Chinese residents. Methods 1. The subjects included in the study were all the people aged 6 years and above who participated in dietary survey and medical examination in the "2002 Survey of Nutrition and Health Status of Chinese Residents" and "2012 Surveillance of Nutrition and Health Status of Chinese Residents". Group (except pregnant women). 2. The data of the 3-day 24-hour dietary retrospective survey were merged with the information of food coding and food composition in the "China Food Composition Table" (2002 and 2004 editions) to form a total dietary database. Combined with demographic data and health status data, the nutritional survey in 2002 and nutritional monitoring in 2012 were analyzed. The snack consumption rate, consumption, contribution to energy and major nutrients of Chinese residents were studied by using SAS 9.4 fitting multilevel linear regression model. The influencing factors of snack consumption and the relationship between snack consumption and overweight and obesity were discussed. Results 1. The basic situation of the study population was included in 55079 subjects in 2002, including 17 687 snack consumers. In 2012, 49 465 people were included in the study, including 21 432 snack consumers. The largest number of consumers were urban, female, 50-64 years old, middle education, middle income level. 2. Snack consumption rate in 2002 in China was 6 years old and above. The snack consumption rate of residents was 35.1%, 50.7% in urban areas and 23.6% in rural areas. The consumption rate of urban girls aged 6-11 was 41.8%, 44.8% in 2012, 53.5% in urban areas and 32.6% in rural areas, respectively. The consumption rate of urban girls aged 6-11 was the highest, 67.8% in 2012 compared with 2002. The consumption rate of snacks in 2002 and 2012 increased by 9.7 percentage points. The top five categories of snacks in 2002 were fruit 30.3%, pastry and dessert 4.2%, cereal and potato 3.9%, legumes and nuts 3.6% and dairy products 3.5%. From 2002 to 2012, the consumption rate of cereals, potatoes, cereals, cereals and cereals declined significantly, and the consumption rate of drinks increased. After the dot effect, the main influencing factors of snack consumption in 2002 and 2012 were the same, namely, region, sex, age, education level, income level, whether to exercise, whether to smoke, whether to drink, whether to eat breakfast and total dietary energy. In 2012, urban residents were 3.06 times more likely to consume snacks than rural residents; women were 1.57 times more likely to consume snacks than men; children and adolescents aged 6-11 and adults aged 65 and over were the highest, with the former being 3.08 times more likely to consume snacks than the latter; and the higher the educational level, the higher the income level, the higher the snacks consumption rate; and the higher the snacks consumption rate. In terms of lifestyle, people who take part in exercise, drink, smoke, and do not eat breakfast are more likely to eat snacks; in terms of dietary factors, snack consumption is positively correlated with total dietary energy. 4. Distribution characteristics of consumer groups from the distribution of snack consumers, in 2002 and 2012, the proportion of Chinese consumers aged 6 years and over is greater than that of urban residents. In the countryside, the proportion of residents aged 35-49 is the largest in 2002, and in 2012, the proportion of adults aged 50-64 is the largest. The distribution of consumers tends to be urbanized and aged, and the difference between the sexes increases. From the consumption time of snacks, there is a trend from nightingestion to dayingestion, and the main change is cake. The proportion of snacks consumed at home was 94.4% in 2002 and 95.1% in 2012. The frequency of snacks consumed increased from 40.8% in 2002 to 49.1% in 2012. The average snack intake in 2012 was 146.0 g/day, lower than 165.0 g/day in 2002 (P 0.0001). From 2002 to 2012, the highest snack consumption group changed from urban girls aged 12-17 (241.2 g/day) to urban boys aged 6-11 (242.0 g/day). The snack consumption in 2002 and 2012 was urban. The average daily consumption of cereals, potatoes and cereals, fast food and alcoholic beverages was on the rise from 2002 to 2012, but legumes and nuts, fruits, vegetables, dairy and products, pastries and desserts were on the rise. The consumption of snacks in 2002 was milk and products, fruits, alcoholic beverages, beverages and vegetables, and in 2012 was alcoholic beverages, cereals and cereals, dairy and products, fruits and beverages. From 2002 to 2012, the consumption of snacks was similar, but the order of consumption was slightly different.6. The snack energy and nutrients of the population aged 6 years and over in China in 2012 were 125.1 Kcal, the snack energy ratio in urban areas was higher than that in rural areas (P 0.0001), and that in females was higher than that in males (P 0.0001). The energy supply ratio of snacks for urban girls aged 6-11 increased from 9.8% in 2002 to 10.8% in 2012. The energy supply ratio of alcoholic beverages, cereals and potatoes, legumes and nuts, fruits, vegetables, pastries and desserts, and fast food decreased from 2002 to 2012. The difference was statistically significant (P 0.01). The major macronutrients provided by snacks were carbohydrate 21.0g/day, protein 2.8g/day, fat 3.5g/day. The major other nutrients provided by snacks and their proportion to total dietary nutrients intake were vitamin C (17.8%), vitamin E (17.4%), carotene (15.8%), dietary fiber (14.5%), iodine (13.2%) and vitamin A (13.2%). 1%, potassium (12.2%) and calcium (10.3%).7. The relationship between snack consumption and overweight and obesity was explored by multilevel logistic regression model. The results showed that the effects of years, gender, age, urban and rural areas, educational level, family income per capita, whether to exercise, whether to smoke, whether to drink alcohol, whether to eat breakfast, total dietary energy were adjusted. Conclusion The snack consumption rate of residents aged 6 and over in China has increased from 35.1% in 2002 to 44.8% in 2012, in which urban areas are higher than rural areas and women are higher than men. The proportion of people who consumed snacks once a day increased from 40.8% in 2002 to 49.1% in 2012. From 2002 to 2012, the total snack intake of consumers decreased (P 0.0001), including cereals, potatoes and cereals. Mean daily consumption showed an upward trend, but consumption of beans and nuts, fruits, vegetables, dairy and products showed a downward trend; in addition, consumption of fast food, alcoholic beverages and pastries and desserts showed a downward trend (P 0.0001). The highest consumption of snacks was from urban girls aged 12 to 17 (241.2 g/day). The energy supply of snacks decreased from 133.0 Kcal in 2002 to 125.1 Kcal in 2012, and the energy supply ratio of alcoholic beverages, cereals and cereals, legumes and nuts, fruits, vegetables, pastries and desserts, and instant foods decreased significantly (P 0.01). The analysis shows that snacks also provide abundant nutrients, such as vitamin C, vitamin E, carotene, dietary fiber, iodine, vitamin A, potassium and calcium, which supplement human health needs. There is a certain correlation between whether people consume snacks and overweight or obesity (OR=1.06).
【学位授予单位】：中国疾病预防控制中心
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R151
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