膳食脂肪的餐后代谢与脂蛋白脂肪酶研究进展

发布时间：2018-09-12 07:03

【摘要】：餐后膳食脂肪的代谢涉及到多个方面,主要包括消化道中的消化过程、细胞内乳糜微粒的形成和转运、血脂的消化和乳糜微粒残粒的清除。消化道中的多种酶将膳食脂肪消化成游离的长链脂肪酸,然后通过小肠细胞的多种蛋白将其进行跨膜转运吸收到细胞内,重新形成甘油三酯并和多种脂蛋白形成乳糜微粒。新组装的乳糜微粒携带膳食来源的甘油三酯转运到血液中,经毛细血管内皮表面附着的脂蛋白脂肪酶的催化形成脂肪酸,游离的脂肪酸被周围组织细胞吸收,残粒和多余的脂肪酸被肝细胞吸收。研究表明脂蛋白脂肪酶是血脂清除和组织摄入脂肪酸的限速酶,它的表达在转录和转译等多个不同水平上严格控制,以应对不同的生理信号刺激。如果膳食脂肪的代谢调控出现问题,将会导致高甘油三酯血症,诱发心血管疾病、胰岛素抵抗和肥胖等相关疾病。
[Abstract]:The metabolism of postprandial dietary fat involves many aspects, including digestive process in digestive tract, formation and transport of chyme particles in cells, digestion of blood lipids and removal of residual particles of chylous particles. A variety of enzymes in the digestive tract digest dietary fat into free long-chain fatty acids, and then transport them through a variety of proteins in small intestinal cells to transport them into the cells, reforming triglycerides and forming chyme particles with a variety of lipoproteins. The newly assembled chylous particles were transported into the blood with triglycerides from dietary sources. The free fatty acids were absorbed by the surrounding tissue cells, catalyzed by lipoprotein lipase attached to the endothelial surface of the capillaries. Residues and excess fatty acids are absorbed by hepatocytes. Studies have shown that lipoprotein lipase is a rate-limiting enzyme for lipid clearance and tissue fatty acid intake, and its expression is strictly controlled at different levels, such as transcription and translation, in order to cope with different physiological signal stimuli. If metabolic regulation of dietary fat is problematic, it will lead to hypertriglyceridemia, cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance, obesity and other related diseases.
【作者单位】：上海大学生命科学学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金面上项目(81171190) 国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(CXGJ-13-038)
【分类号】：R151.2

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