某铅冶炼厂职业危害调查

发布时间：2018-10-09 19:13

【摘要】：[目的]调查某铅冶炼厂职业危害情况,研究铅等职业病危害因素在作业场所的分布及其对作业人群的健康影响；为预防、控制和消除职业病危害,防治职业病提供科学依据。 [方法]参照《工作场所空气中有害物质监测的采样规范》、《建设项目职业病危害评价规范》等职业卫生标准和规范,对该铅冶炼厂作业场所的职业病危害因素进行监测,对铅、砷、镉作业工人进行职业健康检查等。 [结果]该铅冶炼企业存在铅、砷、镉、二氧化硫、一氧化碳、砷化氢、硫化氢、硫酸雾、氧化锌、噪声、粉尘等职业病危害因素；铅、砷、镉超标严重；作业场所空气中铅、砷、镉接触岗位时间加权平均浓度(TWA)超标率分别为64.3%,16.7%,37.50%,TWA最高超过国家职业卫生标准分别为88.4倍、11.8倍、40.7倍,砷化氢、粉尘、噪声个别测定点和岗位时间加权平均浓度(强度)超过国家职业卫生标准；二氧化硫、一氧化碳、硫化氢、硫酸雾、氧化锌等化学有害因素浓度均未超过国家职业卫生标准。731名接触铅作业人群中,尿铅含量超标324人,超标率为44.3%；719名接触砷作业人群中,发砷含量超标304人,超标率为42.3%；389名接触镉作业人群中,尿镉含量超标321人,超标率为82.5%。 [结论]该铅冶炼厂生产作业场所存在较严重的铅、砷、镉污染,作业人员铅、砷、镉负荷比较高,血铅、发砷、尿镉超标现象严重,应尽快采取积极有效职业病危害防护措施。
[Abstract]:[objective] to investigate the occupational hazards in a lead smelter, to study the distribution of occupational hazards such as lead in the workplace and their health effects on the working population, and to provide scientific basis for the prevention, control and elimination of occupational hazards and the prevention and control of occupational diseases. [methods] with reference to the occupational health standards and norms such as the sampling Standard for the Monitoring of harmful substances in the Air in the Workplace and the Occupational Disease Hazard Evaluation Standard of the Construction Project, the occupational disease hazard factors in the workplace of the lead smelter were monitored, and lead was monitored. Workers exposed to arsenic and cadmium carry out occupational health examinations. [results] lead, arsenic, cadmium, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen arsenide, sulfuric acid mist, zinc oxide, noise, dust and other occupational hazard factors existed in the lead smelting enterprise. The average concentration of arsenic and cadmium in exposure to time was 64.316.7% and 37.50 times higher than the national occupational health standard. The highest value of (TWA) was 88.4 times, 11.8 times and 40.7 times higher than the national occupational health standard, respectively, and hydrogen arsenide and dust, respectively, were 40.7 times higher than that of the national occupational health standard. Noise measurement points and working-time weighted average concentrations (intensity) exceed national occupational health standards; sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, sulfuric acid mist, The concentration of chemical harmful factors such as zinc oxide did not exceed the national occupational health standard. The lead content in urine exceeded the standard for 324 people, and the rate of exceeding the standard was 44.3%. The hair arsenic content exceeded the standard for 304 people, and the excess rate was 42.3%. In 389 exposed people, the urine cadmium content exceeded the standard by 321, and the rate of exceeding the standard was 82.5. [conclusion] there are serious pollution of lead, arsenic and cadmium in the production site of the lead smelter. The load of lead, arsenic and cadmium on the workers is high, and the phenomena of blood lead, hair arsenic and urine cadmium exceeding the standard are serious. Active and effective measures should be taken to prevent occupational hazards as soon as possible.
【学位授予单位】：中南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R13

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